{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379876679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans53410.2023.10140014","title":"Validation of a Combined GNSS Correction and NMA L-Band Service Against Spoofing","display_name":"Validation of a Combined GNSS Correction and NMA L-Band Service Against Spoofing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379876679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans53410.2023.10140014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans53410.2023.10140014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans53410.2023.10140014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065507318","display_name":"Alexander R\u00fcgamer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5927-4685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124274","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits","ror":"https://ror.org/024ape423","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander R\u00fcgamer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS,Nuremberg,Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Nuremberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS,Nuremberg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Nuremberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012133402","display_name":"T. Melgard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202103088","display_name":"Fugro (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zje5g50","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202103088","https://openalex.org/I4210157192"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tor Egil Melg\u00e5rd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fugro,Oslo,Norway","Fugro, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fugro,Oslo,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202103088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fugro, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202103088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103235053","display_name":"Wim De Wilde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-8011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155508","display_name":"Septentrio (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/052x9wz38","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155508"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wim De Wilde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Septentrio,Leuven,Belgium","Septentrio, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Septentrio,Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Septentrio, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022601904","display_name":"Heiko Gerstung","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heiko Gerstung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meinberg,Bad Pyrmont,Germany","Meinberg, Bad Pyrmont, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meinberg,Bad Pyrmont,Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meinberg, Bad Pyrmont, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092115699","display_name":"Isa Wegmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isa Wegmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meinberg,Bad Pyrmont,Germany","Meinberg, Bad Pyrmont, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meinberg,Bad Pyrmont,Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meinberg, Bad Pyrmont, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057057961","display_name":"Dries Schellekens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155508","display_name":"Septentrio (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/052x9wz38","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155508"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dries Schellekens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Septentrio,Leuven,Belgium","Septentrio, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Septentrio,Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Septentrio, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93737225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"570","last_page":"579"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9599204063415527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.9432206153869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.7594754695892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6798763275146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.48711633682250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4569055140018463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.413729727268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.29706889390945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25478285551071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.20056167244911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13366416096687317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9599204063415527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.9432206153869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.7594754695892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6798763275146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.48711633682250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4569055140018463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.413729727268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29706889390945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25478285551071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.20056167244911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13366416096687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans53410.2023.10140014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans53410.2023.10140014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/450715","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/450715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185641429","https://openalex.org/W2774684256","https://openalex.org/W2905348672","https://openalex.org/W3021365829","https://openalex.org/W3128471185","https://openalex.org/W3145585720","https://openalex.org/W4293211815","https://openalex.org/W6746993342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3095455901","https://openalex.org/W4312670159","https://openalex.org/W3126564540","https://openalex.org/W2955125114","https://openalex.org/W2968223354","https://openalex.org/W3206448138","https://openalex.org/W3200530419","https://openalex.org/W4379876618","https://openalex.org/W3008363920","https://openalex.org/W2088717005"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,93,126,137],"spoofing":[4,43,97,116,140],"validation":[5],"strategy":[6],"and":[7,27,40,56,73,77],"real-world":[8,52],"results":[9,86],"using":[10],"Fugro's":[11],"AtomiChron":[12,17,71],"L-band":[13],"mobile-satellite":[14],"service":[15,76,81],"(MSS).":[16],"combines":[18],"correction":[19],"data":[20],"for":[21,32,83,96,106,136],"precise":[22],"point":[23],"positioning":[24],"(PPP)":[25],"applications":[26],"navigation":[28],"message":[29],"authentication":[30],"(NMA)":[31],"all":[33],"four":[34],"GNSS":[35,138],"to":[36,114],"preserve":[37],"their":[38],"integrity":[39],"potentially":[41],"detect":[42,115],"attacks.":[44],"A":[45],"commer-cial":[46],"multi-GNSS":[47,53,65],"signal":[48],"generator":[49],"carries":[50],"out":[51],"signals'":[54],"position":[55],"time":[57],"spoofing.":[58],"The":[59,85],"devices":[60],"under":[61],"test":[62],"are":[63],"professional":[64],"receivers,":[66],"partly":[67],"equipped":[68],"with":[69],"the":[70,112,119],"NMA":[72,101,132],"Galileo":[74,78,107],"OSNMA":[75],"public":[79],"regulated":[80],"(PRS)":[82],"comparison.":[84],"show":[87],"that":[88],"NMA,":[89],"in":[90,109,118],"general,":[91],"is":[92,102,117,133],"valuable":[94],"add-on":[95],"detection,":[98],"especially":[99],"if":[100],"not":[103],"only":[104],"provided":[105],"as":[108],"OSNMA.":[110],"Still,":[111],"latency":[113],"area":[120],"of":[121,123,128],"tens":[122],"seconds.":[124],"Therefore,":[125],"combination":[127],"different":[129],"metrics,":[130],"incl.":[131],"strongly":[134],"recommended":[135],"receiver's":[139],"protection.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
