{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379876642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans53410.2023.10139944","title":"UAV-Aided Indoor Localization of Emergency Response Personnel","display_name":"UAV-Aided Indoor Localization of Emergency Response Personnel","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379876642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans53410.2023.10139944"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans53410.2023.10139944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans53410.2023.10139944","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089486681","display_name":"Harish K. Dureppagari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harish K. Dureppagari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,Department of ECE,Blacksburg,VA","Department of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,Department of ECE,Blacksburg,VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061891181","display_name":"Don-Roberts Emenonye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5392-8692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Don-Roberts Emenonye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,Department of ECE,Blacksburg,VA","Department of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,Department of ECE,Blacksburg,VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064063671","display_name":"Harpreet S. Dhillon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-9449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harpreet S. Dhillon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,Department of ECE,Blacksburg,VA","Department of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,Department of ECE,Blacksburg,VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052487611","display_name":"R. Michael Buehrer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7196-1154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Michael Buehrer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,Department of ECE,Blacksburg,VA","Department of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,Department of ECE,Blacksburg,VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.718,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84347042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1241","last_page":"1249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9690474271774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.860735297203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7134877443313599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6343384981155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.6291292905807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.6137783527374268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5216549038887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4938555359840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.47338786721229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.4598378539085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.39205312728881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.37740644812583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3410443663597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3403470814228058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2507878839969635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18229344487190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14009743928909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.12579065561294556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9690474271774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.860735297203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7134877443313599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6343384981155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.6291292905807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.6137783527374268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5216549038887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4938555359840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.47338786721229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.4598378539085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.39205312728881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.37740644812583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3410443663597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3403470814228058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2507878839969635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18229344487190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14009743928909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.12579065561294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans53410.2023.10139944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans53410.2023.10139944","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5706799027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1923807,CNS-2107276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965665622","https://openalex.org/W2012197287","https://openalex.org/W2012462772","https://openalex.org/W2015351323","https://openalex.org/W2038946940","https://openalex.org/W2098281760","https://openalex.org/W2100123768","https://openalex.org/W2120350100","https://openalex.org/W2130556364","https://openalex.org/W2130945928","https://openalex.org/W2134439947","https://openalex.org/W2135135908","https://openalex.org/W2163924212","https://openalex.org/W2321066668","https://openalex.org/W2805020273","https://openalex.org/W2904947504","https://openalex.org/W2920056176","https://openalex.org/W2967894632","https://openalex.org/W3013253726","https://openalex.org/W3197763881","https://openalex.org/W4225856095","https://openalex.org/W4285144486","https://openalex.org/W4307176626","https://openalex.org/W6684256165","https://openalex.org/W6779060699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391980879","https://openalex.org/W1636339314","https://openalex.org/W2056956967","https://openalex.org/W2066348132","https://openalex.org/W2235572374","https://openalex.org/W2082010652","https://openalex.org/W2099208041","https://openalex.org/W2085803349","https://openalex.org/W2132956114","https://openalex.org/W2035295430"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicle":[2],"(UAV)":[3],"aided":[4],"communication":[5],"systems":[6],"have":[7],"been":[8],"gaining":[9],"attention":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,43,77,87,95],"their":[13,27],"wide":[14],"applications":[15],"in":[16,29,84],"public":[17],"service,":[18],"military":[19],"sectors,":[20],"and":[21,40,86,129,133,140,150,159,196],"emergency":[22],"services":[23],"as":[24,26,62,177,179],"well":[25,178],"flexibility":[28],"deployment.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32,65],"paper,":[33],"we":[34,67,165],"propose":[35],"using":[36,55],"5G":[37],"positioning":[38,154],"techniques":[39],"collaborative":[41],"localization":[42,93,175],"accurately":[44],"estimate":[45],"the":[46,53,79,89,92,111,115,167,174,180,192],"locations":[47],"of":[48,81,91,110,114,118,121,194],"first":[49],"responders":[50],"located":[51],"inside":[52],"building":[54],"outdoor":[56],"UAV-mounted":[57],"base":[58],"stations":[59],"(BSs)":[60],"serving":[61],"anchors.":[63,144],"For":[64],"setup,":[66],"perform":[68],"a":[69,130],"comprehensive":[70],"Cram\u00e9r-Ran":[71],"lower":[72],"bound":[73,189],"(CRLB)":[74],"based":[75,153],"analysis":[76,100,146],"evaluate":[78],"performance":[80,94,176],"position":[82,187],"estimation":[83],"3D":[85],"examine":[88],"sensitivity":[90],"different":[96],"system":[97,103,168],"parameters.":[98],"Our":[99,145],"considers":[101],"various":[102],"parameters:":[104],"dynamic":[105],"line-of-sight":[106],"(LOS)/non-line-of-sight":[107],"(NLOS)":[108],"characteristics":[109],"channel,":[112],"geometry":[113],"anchors,":[116,119,123],"number":[117,120],"LOS":[122,158],"NLOS":[124,160],"bias":[125],"between":[126,134],"an":[127],"anchor":[128,137],"target":[131,135],"node,":[132],"nodes,":[136],"location":[138,184],"uncertainty,":[139],"synchronization":[141],"errors":[142],"among":[143],"uses":[147],"time-difference-of-arrival":[148],"(TDOA),":[149],"time-of-arrival":[151],"(TOA)":[152],"methods":[155],"assuming":[156],"both":[157],"propagation.":[161],"Through":[162],"our":[163],"analysis,":[164],"identify":[166],"parameters":[169],"that":[170,182],"most":[171],"significantly":[172],"impact":[173],"scenarios":[181],"provide":[183],"accuracy":[185],"or":[186],"error":[188],"(PEB)":[190],"on":[191],"order":[193],"2m":[195],"3m.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
