{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3017383600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans46316.2020.9109885","title":"Performance Analysis for Autonomous Vehicle 5g-Assisted Positioning in GNSS-Challenged Environments","display_name":"Performance Analysis for Autonomous Vehicle 5g-Assisted Positioning in GNSS-Challenged Environments","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3017383600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans46316.2020.9109885","mag":"3017383600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans46316.2020.9109885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans46316.2020.9109885","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07380","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046512341","display_name":"Zohair Abu\u2010Shaban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2683-6773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zohair Abu-Shaban","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales,Canberra,Australia","University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales,Canberra,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083585913","display_name":"Gonzalo Seco\u2010Granados","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2494-6872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gonzalo Seco-Granados","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Aut&#x00F2;noma de Barcelona,Barcelona,Spain","Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, SPAIN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Aut&#x00F2;noma de Barcelona,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, SPAIN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022999493","display_name":"Craig R. Benson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-2925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig R. Benson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales,Canberra,Australia","University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales,Canberra,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033860704","display_name":"Henk Wymeersch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-6159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henk Wymeersch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers University of Technology,Gothenburg,Sweden","Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology,Gothenburg,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"996","last_page":"1003"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9416909217834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-augmentation","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","score":0.728386402130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.678191065788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.6525790095329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.632678747177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5845372676849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5766497850418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilution-of-precision","display_name":"Dilution of precision","score":0.48007068037986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4577021598815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.38677680492401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2629144787788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21759605407714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15803825855255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.14931315183639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.09097695350646973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9416909217834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166212672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165162","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","level":4,"score":0.728386402130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.678191065788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.6525790095329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.632678747177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5845372676849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5766497850418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200499919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616896","display_name":"Dilution of precision","level":4,"score":0.48007068037986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4577021598815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.38677680492401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2629144787788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21759605407714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15803825855255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.14931315183639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.09097695350646973}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans46316.2020.9109885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans46316.2020.9109885","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.07380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.07380","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:517788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/517788","pdf_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/publication/517788/file/517788_Fulltext.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3017383600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07380.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2004.07380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2004.07380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.07380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.07380","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4041173151","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-03701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G712881263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2117206394","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2430451911","https://openalex.org/W2594045169","https://openalex.org/W2767450744","https://openalex.org/W2963371600","https://openalex.org/W2995103770","https://openalex.org/W3098870078"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034243956","https://openalex.org/W2585165361","https://openalex.org/W2756385102","https://openalex.org/W3172450124","https://openalex.org/W1559198688","https://openalex.org/W2181914688","https://openalex.org/W2533272061","https://openalex.org/W2989653715","https://openalex.org/W3170561646","https://openalex.org/W3175372403","https://openalex.org/W3207008047","https://openalex.org/W2113494136","https://openalex.org/W2912538009","https://openalex.org/W1830238626","https://openalex.org/W3119052781","https://openalex.org/W2964849338","https://openalex.org/W2476791732","https://openalex.org/W2024403104","https://openalex.org/W2780584843","https://openalex.org/W3167149920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Standalone":[0],"Global":[1],"Navigation":[2],"Satellite":[3],"Systems":[4],"(GNSS)":[5],"are":[6,35],"known":[7],"to":[8,31,53,61,80,83,140],"provide":[9,84,144],"a":[10,14],"positioning":[11,108,137],"accuracy":[12,22,86],"of":[13,104,111],"few":[15],"meters":[16],"in":[17,38,71,109],"open":[18],"sky":[19],"conditions.":[20],"This":[21],"can":[23],"drop":[24],"significantly":[25],"when":[26],"the":[27,48,64,81,102,128,133],"line-of-sight":[28],"(LOS)":[29],"paths":[30],"some":[32,75],"GNSS":[33,55,105,134],"satellites":[34],"obstructed,":[36],"e.g.,":[37],"urban":[39],"canyons":[40],"or":[41,143],"underground":[42],"tunnels.":[43],"To":[44],"overcome":[45],"this":[46,98],"issue,":[47],"general":[49],"approach":[50],"is":[51,125],"usually":[52],"augment":[54],"systems":[56,138],"with":[57],"other":[58],"dedicated":[59],"subsystems":[60],"help":[62],"cover":[63],"gaps":[65],"arising":[66],"from":[67],"obscured":[68],"LOS.":[69],"Positioning":[70],"5G":[72,88,107,136],"has":[73],"attracted":[74],"attention":[76],"lately,":[77],"mainly":[78],"due":[79],"possibility":[82],"cm-level":[85],"using":[87],"signals":[89],"and":[90,106,114,131,135],"infrastructure,":[91],"effectively":[92],"imposing":[93],"no":[94],"additional":[95],"cost.":[96],"In":[97],"paper,":[99],"we":[100],"study":[101],"hybridization":[103],"terms":[110],"achievable":[112],"position":[113],"velocity":[115],"error":[116],"bounds.":[117],"We":[118],"focus":[119],"on":[120],"scenarios":[121],"where":[122,132],"satellite":[123],"visibility":[124],"constrained":[126],"by":[127],"environment":[129],"geometry,":[130],"fail":[139],"perform":[141],"individually":[142],"prohibitively":[145],"large":[146],"error.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
