{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2414726894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans.2016.7479762","title":"Repeatability test method of GNSS for safe train localisation in real and simulated environments","display_name":"Repeatability test method of GNSS for safe train localisation in real and simulated environments","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2414726894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans.2016.7479762","mag":"2414726894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans.2016.7479762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans.2016.7479762","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068836948","display_name":"Debiao Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Debiao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["EMC and GNSS Technology for Rail Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMC and GNSS Technology for Rail Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074147599","display_name":"Dirk Spiegel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Spiegel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, DE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, DE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109375151","display_name":"Uwe Becker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uwe Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Traffic Safety and Automation Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Traffic Safety and Automation Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636115","display_name":"Baigen Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6440-005X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baigen Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["EMC and GNSS Technology for Rail Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMC and GNSS Technology for Rail Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773360","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3915-8967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["EMC and GNSS Technology for Rail Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMC and GNSS Technology for Rail Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101569349","display_name":"Jiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2836-7651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["EMC and GNSS Technology for Rail Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMC and GNSS Technology for Rail Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362361","display_name":"Xuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-9494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["EMC and GNSS Technology for Rail Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMC and GNSS Technology for Rail Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068836948"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.24345449,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60689307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"687","last_page":"692"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9621000289916992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13615","display_name":"Transportation Systems and Safety","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9181195497512817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"Repeatability","score":0.6481127738952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6144509315490723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/train","display_name":"Train","score":0.5675768852233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5133870840072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5034675002098083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4666087031364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.42063817381858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track-circuit","display_name":"Track circuit","score":0.4109501838684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.37007221579551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3224978446960449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3200836777687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13419660925865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.08384579420089722}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9181195497512817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.6481127738952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6144509315490723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.5675768852233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5133870840072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5034675002098083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4666087031364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.42063817381858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191926282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150115","display_name":"Track circuit","level":3,"score":0.4109501838684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.37007221579551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3224978446960449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3200836777687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13419660925865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.08384579420089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans.2016.7479762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans.2016.7479762","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037096788","https://openalex.org/W2322310382","https://openalex.org/W2780722634","https://openalex.org/W2793765426","https://openalex.org/W2799087070","https://openalex.org/W6749911877","https://openalex.org/W6750481014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2606296569","https://openalex.org/W2375040471","https://openalex.org/W2068158190","https://openalex.org/W2916802843","https://openalex.org/W2064660797","https://openalex.org/W4387714868","https://openalex.org/W2071552392","https://openalex.org/W20579766","https://openalex.org/W2601478304","https://openalex.org/W4285518687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Safe":[0],"train":[1,42,236,249,285,459],"localization":[2,43,68,81,133,250,286],"is":[3,125,252,319,333,360,414],"the":[4,49,67,74,90,98,103,121,128,132,152,156,169,174,178,183,199,203,209,219,223,235,256,260,273,279,291,294,306,310,330,336,343,350,353,357,363,367,373,403,407,418,430,434,443,452],"key":[5,257],"element":[6],"to":[7,70,79,154,416],"provide":[8],"reliable":[9],"Position,":[10],"Velocity":[11],"and":[12,21,37,109,141,231,289,309,325,372,384,425,437],"Timing":[13],"(PVT)":[14],"information":[15],"for":[16,34,113,120,131,190,198,259,263,283,321,395,406,451],"Automatic":[17],"Train":[18],"Operation":[19],"(ATO),":[20],"will":[22,57,105,150,172],"enable":[23,151],"future":[24],"applications":[25,265],"such":[26],"as":[27,64,206,218,276,366],"moving":[28],"block,":[29],"real-time":[30],"safety":[31,455],"margin":[32],"estimation":[33],"adjacent":[35],"trains,":[36],"many":[38,45],"more.":[39],"The":[40,117,247,392,411],"safety-assured":[41],"under":[44,84,240,302,369],"repeated":[46],"tests":[47,258],"along":[48],"test":[50,111,144,148,170,307,370,412,420,431],"railway":[51,86,163,192,267,317,424,458],"line":[52,318],"providing":[53],"acceptable":[54],"performance":[55,92,129,160,185,200,211,225,275,296,409,445],"level":[56,453],"allow":[58],"Global":[59],"Navigation":[60],"Satellite":[61],"Systems":[62],"(GNSS)":[63],"part":[65,207,277],"of":[66,76,123,158,177,202,208,221,234,255,278,298,345,352,454],"unit":[69],"be":[71,188,216,238,448],"adopted":[72],"into":[73,402],"elements":[75],"ATO":[77,124],"system":[78,368,377],"perform":[80],"function.":[82],"But":[83,197],"real":[85,142,323,396],"operation":[87,164],"environmental":[88,137],"conditions,":[89,138],"accuracy":[91,214,251,339,358,398],"shows":[93],"strong":[94],"variations;":[95],"but":[96],"using":[97,243,335],"simulated":[99,326],"GNSS":[100,114,118,159,180,210,261,280,300,364],"signals":[101],"in":[102,135,161,194,228,266,287,388,422,440,457],"laboratory":[104],"have":[106],"more":[107],"consistent":[108],"repeatable":[110],"sequence":[112],"receiver":[115,119,262,281,301,365],"testing.":[116],"application":[122,193,456],"based":[126,361,380],"on":[127,167,314,362,381],"requirements":[130,421],"function":[134],"predefined":[136],"both":[139,229,322,423],"simulation":[140],"world":[143,324,397],"procedures":[145],"including":[146],"standard":[147,419],"definitions":[149],"possibility":[153],"examine":[155],"repeatability":[157,175,184,204,274,408,444],"acknowledged":[162],"environment.":[165],"Based":[166],"this,":[168],"results":[171,432],"give":[173],"facts":[176],"tested":[179],"receiver,":[181],"then":[182],"criteria":[186,446],"can":[187,215,447],"set":[189],"later":[191],"different":[195],"environments.":[196],"evaluation":[201,340,359,399,438],"property":[205],"testing":[212],"concept,":[213],"seen":[217],"foundation":[220],"all":[222],"other":[224],"properties.":[226],"Accuracy":[227],"along-track":[230],"cross-track":[232],"direction":[233],"should":[237],"evaluated":[239,334],"dynamic":[241,248,303,338],"movement":[242,351],"bidirectional":[244],"error":[245],"models.":[246],"among":[253,293],"one":[254],"safe":[264,284],"applications.":[268],"This":[269],"paper":[270],"firstly":[271],"describes":[272],"quality":[282],"definition":[288],"also":[290],"relation":[292],"major":[295],"properties":[297],"a":[299],"measurements.":[304],"Secondly,":[305],"scenario":[308],"data":[311,327,332],"collection":[312],"strategy":[313],"an":[315],"existent":[316],"settled":[320],"analysis.":[328],"Then":[329],"collected":[331],"proposed":[337],"method":[341,439],"with":[342,429],"consideration":[344],"measurement":[346,354,376],"uncertainty":[347],"caused":[348],"by":[349],"object.":[355],"Thirdly,":[356],"(SUT)":[371],"mobile":[374],"reference":[375],"(MRMS)":[378],"developed":[379,386],"mature":[382],"solutions":[383],"further":[385],"platform":[387],"our":[389],"research":[390],"lab.":[391],"same":[393],"datasets":[394],"are":[400],"loaded":[401],"Spirent":[404],"GSS8000":[405],"evaluation.":[410],"procedure":[413,436],"restricted":[415],"follow":[417],"navigation":[426],"societies.":[427],"Finally,":[428],"following":[433],"defined":[435],"this":[441],"paper,":[442],"clearly":[449],"shown":[450],"operation.":[460]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}