{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2419511862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans.2016.7479735","title":"Robust GPS-based direct time estimation for PMUs","display_name":"Robust GPS-based direct time estimation for PMUs","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2419511862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans.2016.7479735","mag":"2419511862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans.2016.7479735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans.2016.7479735","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071485345","display_name":"Yuting Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9517-4991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yuting Ng and Grace Xingxin Gao are with the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yuting Ng and Grace Xingxin Gao are with the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069625302","display_name":"Grace Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1807-8637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grace Xingxin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yuting Ng and Grace Xingxin Gao are with the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yuting Ng and Grace Xingxin Gao are with the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071485345"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6539,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85232589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"472","last_page":"476"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.8807467222213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7876722812652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6416499614715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.5861770510673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-signals","display_name":"GPS signals","score":0.5562314987182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.547308623790741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5311293601989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.4774090051651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-transfer","display_name":"Time transfer","score":0.47404026985168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.37478578090667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33123552799224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2136806845664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.18457868695259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13248950242996216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.8807467222213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7876722812652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6416499614715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.5861770510673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.5562314987182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.547308623790741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5311293601989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4774090051651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127568405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805271","display_name":"Time transfer","level":3,"score":0.47404026985168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.37478578090667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33123552799224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2136806845664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.18457868695259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13248950242996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans.2016.7479735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans.2016.7479735","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967595807","https://openalex.org/W1988642664","https://openalex.org/W2015086338","https://openalex.org/W2135531492","https://openalex.org/W2161248118","https://openalex.org/W2416652819","https://openalex.org/W2586339562","https://openalex.org/W2587966001","https://openalex.org/W2731048996","https://openalex.org/W6732998769","https://openalex.org/W6733497888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371105264","https://openalex.org/W2361899330","https://openalex.org/W4248597968","https://openalex.org/W2054128315","https://openalex.org/W3144321796","https://openalex.org/W2081423440","https://openalex.org/W2126904819","https://openalex.org/W2560263173","https://openalex.org/W2386611723","https://openalex.org/W2366302590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phasor":[0],"Measurement":[1],"Units":[2],"(PMUs)":[3],"provide":[4],"time":[5,19,26,49,80,112,114],"synchronized":[6],"electrical":[7],"measurements":[8,97],"at":[9],"many":[10],"nodes":[11],"across":[12],"the":[13,29,47,63,77,111,121,127,153,174,179],"power":[14,64],"grid.":[15],"This":[16],"wide":[17],"area":[18],"synchronization":[20,50],"is":[21,33,132],"made":[22],"possible":[23],"via":[24],"GPS":[25,30],"transfer.":[27],"Unfortunately,":[28],"civilian":[31],"signal":[32,38,130],"weak":[34],"and":[35,43,105,113,142,164],"vulnerable":[36],"to":[37,82,135,186],"interferences":[39],"such":[40,98,161,189],"as":[41,99,162,190],"jamming":[42,163],"meaconing.":[44],"As":[45,84],"such,":[46],"GPS-based":[48,79],"of":[51,58,155,182],"PMUs":[52],"may":[53],"be":[54],"a":[55,85],"potential":[56],"point":[57],"entry":[59],"for":[60,76],"attacks":[61],"on":[62,95,120,145,167],"system.":[65],"To":[66,151],"address":[67],"this":[68,125],"concern,":[69],"we":[70,157,177],"present":[71],"Direct":[72,88],"Time":[73,89],"Estimation":[74,90],"(DTE)":[75,91],"robust":[78],"transfer":[81],"PMUs.":[83],"direct":[86],"method,":[87],"does":[92],"not":[93],"rely":[94],"intermediate":[96],"independent":[100],"channel":[101],"range,":[102],"range":[103],"rates":[104],"their":[106],"residuals.":[107],"Instead,":[108],"it":[109],"generates":[110],"drift":[115],"solutions":[116],"by":[117],"operating":[118],"directly":[119],"raw":[122],"signal.":[123],"In":[124],"manner,":[126],"entire":[128],"received":[129],"information":[131],"utilized,":[133],"leading":[134],"increased":[136],"robustness":[137,181],"in":[138],"tracking.":[139,192],"We":[140],"developed":[141],"implemented":[143],"DTE":[144,183],"our":[146],"research":[147],"platform":[148],"-":[149],"PyGNSS.":[150],"evaluate":[152],"performance":[154],"DTE,":[156],"conducted":[158],"realistic":[159],"simulations,":[160],"meaconing,":[165],"based":[166],"data":[168],"collected":[169],"from":[170],"field":[171],"experiments.":[172],"Through":[173],"simulated":[175],"attacks,":[176],"demonstrate":[178],"enhanced":[180],"with":[184],"respect":[185],"conventional":[187],"algorithms,":[188],"scalar":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
