{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082076531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrcw.2013.6707859","title":"Duty cycles and load balancing in HetNets with eICIC almost blank subframes","display_name":"Duty cycles and load balancing in HetNets with eICIC almost blank subframes","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082076531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrcw.2013.6707859","mag":"2082076531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrcw.2013.6707859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrcw.2013.6707859","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100739513","display_name":"David L\u00f3pez\u2010P\u00e9rez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322087612","display_name":"Alcatel Lucent (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5mwp75","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Lopez-Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Laboratories, Republic of Ireland","Bell-Labs., Alcatel-Lucent, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Laboratories, Republic of Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell-Labs., Alcatel-Lucent, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042709606","display_name":"Holger Clau\u00dfen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-2082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322087612","display_name":"Alcatel Lucent (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5mwp75","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holger Claussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Laboratories, Republic of Ireland","Bell-Labs., Alcatel-Lucent, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Laboratories, Republic of Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell-Labs., Alcatel-Lucent, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3207,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94753579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"173","last_page":"178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrocell","display_name":"Macrocell","score":0.9545434713363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8141454458236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subframe","display_name":"Subframe","score":0.6387453079223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.5958471894264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5955826044082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5697969794273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.5622222423553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blank","display_name":"Blank","score":0.5535517334938049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.47525808215141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.46221986413002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4142058789730072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.3691529631614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11610183119773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10171642899513245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0998583436012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.09783387184143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0765238106250763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06874439120292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.06083190441131592}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778291847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163937","display_name":"Macrocell","level":3,"score":0.9545434713363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8141454458236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776514898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631141","display_name":"Subframe","level":3,"score":0.6387453079223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.5958471894264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5955826044082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5697969794273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.5622222423553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778089247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q368951","display_name":"Blank","level":2,"score":0.5535517334938049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47525808215141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.46221986413002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4142058789730072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.3691529631614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11610183119773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10171642899513245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0998583436012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.09783387184143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0765238106250763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06874439120292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.06083190441131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrcw.2013.6707859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrcw.2013.6707859","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973560162","https://openalex.org/W2109346299","https://openalex.org/W2119949855","https://openalex.org/W2129591674","https://openalex.org/W2136533260","https://openalex.org/W2154782861","https://openalex.org/W2478188732","https://openalex.org/W3125050562","https://openalex.org/W6676313127","https://openalex.org/W6789168002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998515536","https://openalex.org/W568081520","https://openalex.org/W2794077711","https://openalex.org/W2354270559","https://openalex.org/W4376117215","https://openalex.org/W2773201685","https://openalex.org/W2887526653","https://openalex.org/W2094293617","https://openalex.org/W1979151946","https://openalex.org/W2034217342"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,25,58,72,77,104,146],"method":[4,154],"to":[5,47,80,126,145,155],"compute":[6,156],"macrocell":[7,21,56,97],"almost":[8],"blank":[9],"subframe":[10],"(ABS)":[11],"duty":[12,158],"cycles":[13,159],"is":[14,30,63],"proposed,":[15,64],"so":[16],"that":[17,124],"the":[18,31,40,49,52,82,85,129],"performance":[19,38,83,114],"of":[20,51,84,118],"users":[22,89],"(MUEs)":[23],"in":[24,39,65,91,108],"scenario":[26,42],"with":[27,55,96,111],"expanded-region":[28],"picocells":[29],"same":[32,41],"or":[33],"controllably":[34],"larger":[35],"than":[36],"their":[37],"without":[43],"range":[44],"expansion.":[45],"Moreover,":[46],"make":[48],"most":[50],"subframes":[53,92],"overlapping":[54,93],"ABSs,":[57],"local":[59],"load":[60,73,131],"balancing":[61,132],"algorithm":[62,133],"which":[66],"each":[67],"pico":[68,140],"base":[69],"station":[70],"performs":[71],"balanced":[74],"scheduling":[75],"at":[76],"regular":[78],"basis":[79],"equalise":[81],"two":[86,100],"worst":[87],"picocell":[88],"scheduled":[90],"and":[94,115,138,148],"non-overlapping":[95],"ABSs.":[98],"These":[99],"features":[101],"together":[102],"provide":[103],"more":[105],"efficient":[106],"offloading":[107],"HetNet":[109],"scenarios":[110],"controlled":[112],"MUEs":[113],"better":[116],"use":[117],"resources.":[119],"Systemlevel":[120],"simulation":[121],"results":[122],"show":[123],"compared":[125],"cutting-edge":[127],"techniques,":[128],"proposed":[130,153],"can":[134,160],"enhance":[135],"5":[136],"%-tile":[137],"mean":[139,163],"user":[141],"(PUE)":[142],"throughput":[143,165],"up":[144],"55%":[147],"29":[149],"%,":[150],"respectively.":[151],"The":[152],"ABS":[157],"also":[161],"improve":[162],"PUE":[164],"by":[166],"14%.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}