{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417284631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc62392.2025.11275387","title":"Energy Efficiency of Wireless Fronthaul Cell-Free mMIMO: A Lamppost-Based Deployment","display_name":"Energy Efficiency of Wireless Fronthaul Cell-Free mMIMO: A Lamppost-Based Deployment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417284631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc62392.2025.11275387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc62392.2025.11275387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc62392.2025.11275387","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 36th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041859030","display_name":"Syllas R. C. Magalh\u00e3es","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0522-6098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syllas R. C. Magalh\u00e3es","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Twente,The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041994291","display_name":"Suzan Bayhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-704X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzan Bayhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Twente,The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058920170","display_name":"Geert Heijenk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1911-6324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geert Heijenk","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Twente,The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041859030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39297661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.72079998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.72079998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.1477999985218048,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.08919999748468399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7192000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.6262000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5313000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5253000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5131999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4643999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4092000126838684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7192000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6384000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.6262000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6126000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5313000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5253000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5131999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4643999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4092000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182448111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281197","display_name":"Radio resource management","level":4,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62793504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228327","display_name":"Access network","level":2,"score":0.36480000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78834623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640394","display_name":"Mobile broadband","level":3,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50661577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901831","display_name":"Time-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.2572999894618988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc62392.2025.11275387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc62392.2025.11275387","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 36th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire_cris_publications/89c17ea1-20ba-489b-ba69-2fe3a9178001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/89c17ea1-20ba-489b-ba69-2fe3a9178001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Magalh\u00e3es, S R C, Bayhan, S & Heijenk, G 2025, Energy Efficiency of Wireless Fronthaul Cell-Free mMIMO : A Lamppost-Based Deployment. in 2025 IEEE 36th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)., 11275387, IEEE, pp. 1-6, 2025 IEEE 36th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Istanbul, Turkey, 1/09/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC62392.2025.11275387","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:publications/89c17ea1-20ba-489b-ba69-2fe3a9178001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11275387/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Magalh\u00e3es, S R C, Bayhan, S & Heijenk, G 2025, Energy Efficiency of Wireless Fronthaul Cell-Free mMIMO : A Lamppost-Based Deployment. in 2025 IEEE 36th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)., 11275387, IEEE, pp. 1-6, 2025 IEEE 36th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Istanbul, Turkey, 1/09/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC62392.2025.11275387","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518945650","https://openalex.org/W1926244710","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2593893328","https://openalex.org/W2757012997","https://openalex.org/W2964050245","https://openalex.org/W3003247710","https://openalex.org/W3204319232","https://openalex.org/W4226193910","https://openalex.org/W4323896823","https://openalex.org/W4367663276","https://openalex.org/W4390692254","https://openalex.org/W4409156935"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cell-free":[0],"massive":[1],"MIMO":[2],"(mMIMO)":[3],"promises":[4],"to":[5,27,47,154],"enhance":[6],"coverage,":[7],"spectral":[8],"efficiency,":[9],"and":[10,50,105,129,137,159],"robustness":[11],"in":[12,93,161],"dense":[13],"urban":[14,79,162],"environments":[15],"by":[16],"leveraging":[17],"a":[18,71,85],"distributed":[19],"approach":[20],"where":[21],"multiple":[22],"access":[23],"points":[24],"(APs)":[25],"cooperate":[26],"serve":[28],"each":[29],"user.":[30],"While":[31],"previous":[32],"studies":[33],"have":[34],"primarily":[35],"focused":[36],"on":[37,62,74,77,109],"fiber-based":[38],"fronthaul":[39,42,61],"solutions,":[40],"wireless":[41,60],"is":[43],"gaining":[44],"traction":[45],"due":[46],"its":[48],"cost-effectiveness":[49],"deployment":[51,76,160],"flexibility.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"investigates":[55],"the":[56,63,97],"impact":[57],"of":[58,67,88,99,119],"millimeter-wave":[59],"energy":[64],"efficiency":[65],"(EE)":[66],"cell-free":[68],"mMIMO,":[69],"with":[70],"specific":[72],"focus":[73],"AP":[75,100,102,117,135],"existing":[78],"infrastructure,":[80],"such":[81],"as":[82],"lampposts.":[83],"With":[84],"case":[86],"study":[87],"three":[89],"mobile":[90,150],"network":[91,110,151,157],"operators":[92,152],"Amsterdam,":[94],"we":[95],"analyze":[96],"effects":[98],"density,":[101],"cluster":[103],"size,":[104],"power":[106,130,138],"allocation":[107,139],"strategies":[108],"performance.":[111],"Our":[112,144],"findings":[113,145],"reveal":[114],"that":[115],"an":[116,133],"density":[118],"approximately":[120],"43":[121],"APs/km<sup":[122],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[123],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[124],"optimally":[125],"balances":[126],"sum":[127],"rate":[128],"consumption,":[131],"while":[132],"effective":[134],"clustering":[136],"strategy":[140],"further":[141],"enhances":[142],"EE.":[143],"provide":[146],"data-driven":[147],"insights":[148],"for":[149],"(MNOs)":[153],"optimize":[155],"their":[156],"expansion":[158],"environments.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-12-12T00:00:00"}