{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417281899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc62392.2025.11274703","title":"TIME: Trajectory-Informed Movement Emulation for Arm Gesture Recognition Using mmWave Radar and Optical Sensor Fusion","display_name":"TIME: Trajectory-Informed Movement Emulation for Arm Gesture Recognition Using mmWave Radar and Optical Sensor Fusion","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417281899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc62392.2025.11274703"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc62392.2025.11274703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc62392.2025.11274703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 36th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069433244","display_name":"Nurilla Avazov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9905-0432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116649","display_name":"Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dx4dc92","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116649"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nurilla Avazov","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Inland Norway,Inland School of Business and Social Sciences,Department of Business Administration,Lillehammer,Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Inland Norway,Inland School of Business and Social Sciences,Department of Business Administration,Lillehammer,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069345014","display_name":"Rym Hicheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1553-2160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121836","display_name":"Norwegian Defence University College","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfz9j23","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841409","https://openalex.org/I4210121836"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rym Hicheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Defence Cyber Academy,Lillehammer,Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Defence Cyber Academy,Lillehammer,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087578160","display_name":"Filippo Sanfilippo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1437-8368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filippo Sanfilippo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Agder,Faculty of Engineering and Science,Grimstad,Norway,4898"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Agder,Faculty of Engineering and Science,Grimstad,Norway,4898","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042473673","display_name":"Matthias P\u00e4tzold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-5413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias P\u00e4tzold","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Agder,Faculty of Engineering and Science,Grimstad,Norway,4898"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Agder,Faculty of Engineering and Science,Grimstad,Norway,4898","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069433244"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116649"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52659869,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.545199990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.545199990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.17100000381469727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.03519999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.6901999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.5968999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5612000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.5436000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.534600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5252000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.49549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement","display_name":"Movement (music)","score":0.47279998660087585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7049000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.6901999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6305000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.5968999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5777000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5612000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.5436000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.534600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5252000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.49549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150415221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40687","display_name":"Robotic arm","level":2,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48007421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252","display_name":"Motion capture","level":3,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126669455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630941","display_name":"Teleconference","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95020103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813492","display_name":"Match moving","level":3,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780624872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852453","display_name":"Motion detection","level":3,"score":0.2597000002861023}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc62392.2025.11274703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc62392.2025.11274703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 36th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2552886112","https://openalex.org/W2995397335","https://openalex.org/W3038142726","https://openalex.org/W3115265657","https://openalex.org/W3195806019","https://openalex.org/W3199765584","https://openalex.org/W3212396578","https://openalex.org/W4226502240","https://openalex.org/W4293691288","https://openalex.org/W4379232464","https://openalex.org/W4386469848","https://openalex.org/W4396720269","https://openalex.org/W4400276376","https://openalex.org/W4400405442","https://openalex.org/W4400409928","https://openalex.org/W4400904478"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,64],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"TIME:":[3],"Trajectory-Informed":[4],"Movement":[5],"Emulation,":[6],"a":[7,30,51,104],"novel":[8],"approach":[9],"to":[10,34,69,83,107,129],"arm":[11,40,55,78,90],"gesture":[12,131],"recognition":[13,132],"in":[14,121],"indoor":[15],"environments":[16],"using":[17],"the":[18,58,71,85,94,114],"fusion":[19],"of":[20,39,88],"mmWave":[21,123],"radar":[22,124],"and":[23,44,61,134],"optical":[24],"tracking":[25],"systems":[26,133],"(Qualisys).":[27],"TIME":[28,115],"leverages":[29],"trajectory-driven":[31],"channel":[32],"model":[33],"construct":[35],"realistic":[36],"micro-Doppler":[37,72],"signatures":[38],"movements.":[41,91],"We":[42],"capture":[43],"process":[45],"detailed":[46],"full-body":[47],"motion":[48],"data":[49,66,109],"with":[50,77],"specific":[52],"focus":[53],"on":[54],"segments":[56],"like":[57],"hand,":[59],"forearm,":[60],"upper":[62],"arm.":[63],"targeted":[65],"allows":[67],"us":[68],"emulate":[70],"shifts":[73,81],"that":[74,113],"naturally":[75],"occur":[76],"motions.":[79],"These":[80],"help":[82],"characterize":[84],"distinctive":[86],"patterns":[87,119],"natural":[89],"By":[92],"reducing":[93],"need":[95],"for":[96],"extensive":[97],"real-world":[98],"measurement":[99],"campaigns,":[100],"this":[101],"framework":[102,116],"offers":[103],"time-efficient":[105],"alternative":[106],"traditional":[108],"collection.":[110],"Results":[111],"demonstrate":[112],"effectively":[117],"replicates":[118],"observed":[120],"actual":[122],"data,":[125],"showcasing":[126],"its":[127],"potential":[128],"advancing":[130],"human-computer":[135],"interaction":[136],"applications":[137],"powered":[138],"by":[139],"artificial":[140],"intelligence":[141],"(AI).":[142]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-12-12T00:00:00"}