{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405974577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc59610.2024.10817349","title":"Enhancing Urban Mobile Communications with Dynamic 3D Beam Tracking: A 2-Bit Phase-Quantized Adaptive RIS Approach","display_name":"Enhancing Urban Mobile Communications with Dynamic 3D Beam Tracking: A 2-Bit Phase-Quantized Adaptive RIS Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405974577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc59610.2024.10817349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc59610.2024.10817349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc59610.2024.10817349","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 35th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101604839","display_name":"Yufei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3577-8854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore,639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103143455","display_name":"Xiaoyan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-4215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore,639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100770495","display_name":"Ziyue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7508-4433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore,639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079671616","display_name":"Yile Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yile Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore,639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060020877","display_name":"Chau Yuen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chau Yuen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore,639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100763983","display_name":"Yong Liang Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9757-630X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Liang Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore,639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101604839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6765,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76333129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9571999907493591,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6111711859703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit","display_name":"Bit (key)","score":0.5117780566215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.49009716510772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.48664435744285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4597407281398773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4418889284133911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-radio","display_name":"Mobile radio","score":0.4323732554912567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3351859152317047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1812954843044281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17442452907562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.17030379176139832}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6111711859703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117011727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1278488","display_name":"Bit (key)","level":2,"score":0.5117780566215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.49009716510772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.48664435744285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4597407281398773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4418889284133911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.4323732554912567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3351859152317047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1812954843044281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17442452907562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.17030379176139832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc59610.2024.10817349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc59610.2024.10817349","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 35th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/182845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC59610.2024.10817349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120796660","https://openalex.org/W2166835814","https://openalex.org/W2946695271","https://openalex.org/W2955906299","https://openalex.org/W2958134687","https://openalex.org/W2960979840","https://openalex.org/W3034731246","https://openalex.org/W3121470477","https://openalex.org/W3134746776","https://openalex.org/W3138193098","https://openalex.org/W3191748553","https://openalex.org/W3213225772","https://openalex.org/W4213387210","https://openalex.org/W4297094903","https://openalex.org/W4309759479","https://openalex.org/W4323519590","https://openalex.org/W4362714666","https://openalex.org/W4388878489","https://openalex.org/W4391769953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121443510","https://openalex.org/W2069408381","https://openalex.org/W4400980708","https://openalex.org/W641058583","https://openalex.org/W1968055665","https://openalex.org/W2114457122","https://openalex.org/W2176179953","https://openalex.org/W1994232288","https://openalex.org/W4234564246","https://openalex.org/W1908265647"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,204],"imperative":[1],"to":[2,42,66,97,129],"secure":[3],"stable":[4,99],"data":[5],"transmission":[6],"for":[7,177],"mobile":[8,44,178],"users":[9,45,179],"within":[10,200],"the":[11,22,29,52,60,153,160,189,196,211,219],"heart":[12],"of":[13,24,33,64,78,155,195,206,215,221],"urban":[14,54],"zones":[15],"stands":[16],"as":[17,147],"a":[18,39,171],"pivotal":[19],"element":[20],"in":[21,46,218],"evolution":[23],"future":[25],"communication":[26,71,156,223],"infrastructures.":[27],"Utilizing":[28],"adaptable":[30,192],"beamforming":[31,62,81,193],"prowess":[32],"Reconfigurable":[34],"Intelligent":[35],"Surfaces":[36],"(RISs)":[37],"presents":[38],"viable":[40],"strategy":[41],"aid":[43],"sustaining":[47],"consistent":[48],"beam":[49,162,173],"tracking":[50,69,163],"amidst":[51],"complex":[53],"milieu.":[55],"This":[56,123],"study":[57],"delves":[58],"into":[59],"dynamic":[61],"potential":[63],"RIS":[65,92,110,127,167,198,216],"facilitate":[67],"real-time":[68],"and":[70,100,119,185,191,213],"across":[72],"convoluted":[73],"wireless":[74,202],"landscapes.":[75],"In":[76],"pursuit":[77],"refined":[79],"spot":[80,149,172],"capabilities":[82],"under":[83],"near-field":[84],"scenarios,":[85],"this":[86,207],"work":[87],"unveils":[88],"an":[89,165],"innovative":[90],"2bit":[91],"unit":[93,128],"design":[94],"approach,":[95],"engineered":[96],"establish":[98],"adjustable":[101],"phase":[102],"shifts":[103],"whilst":[104],"minimizing":[105],"amplitude":[106],"loss.":[107],"A":[108],"tangible":[109],"experimental":[111],"framework":[112,124],"is":[113,180],"devised,":[114],"drawing":[115],"from":[116],"numerical":[117],"analyses":[118],"comprehensive":[120],"wave":[121],"simulations.":[122],"enables":[125],"each":[126],"autonomously":[130],"toggle":[131],"between":[132],"states,":[133],"thereby":[134],"not":[135],"only":[136],"governing":[137],"cone":[138],"beams":[139],"but":[140],"also":[141],"materializing":[142],"sophisticated":[143],"structured":[144],"beams,":[145,150],"such":[146],"3D":[148],"thus":[151],"augmenting":[152],"versatility":[154],"designs.":[157],"To":[158],"augment":[159],"RIS\u2019s":[161],"efficiency,":[164],"effective":[166],"management":[168],"protocol":[169],"alongside":[170],"scanning":[174],"algorithm":[175],"tailored":[176],"introduced.":[181],"Subsequent":[182],"extensive":[183],"simulations":[184],"empirical":[186],"investigations,":[187],"corroborate":[188],"prompt":[190],"proficiency":[194],"proposed":[197],"prototype":[199],"demanding":[201],"contexts.":[203],"outcomes":[205],"research":[208],"significantly":[209],"enrich":[210],"comprehension":[212],"application":[214],"technology":[217],"realm":[220],"forthcoming":[222],"frameworks.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}