{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405974450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc59610.2024.10817168","title":"Low-Complexity Block-Krylov-Beamspace Beamforming for Extreme Massive MIMO","display_name":"Low-Complexity Block-Krylov-Beamspace Beamforming for Extreme Massive MIMO","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405974450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc59610.2024.10817168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc59610.2024.10817168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc59610.2024.10817168","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 35th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110228073","display_name":"Nuan Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099903","display_name":"Nokia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01607kg94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210099903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053207353","display_name":"Tao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-6866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099903","display_name":"Nokia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01607kg94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210099903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099903"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099903"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21494465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6731245517730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6576786041259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6500386595726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6395813226699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3498992621898651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3472939133644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3416970372200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27926114201545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22232922911643982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11387243866920471}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6731245517730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6576786041259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6500386595726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6395813226699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3498992621898651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3472939133644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3416970372200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27926114201545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22232922911643982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11387243866920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc59610.2024.10817168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc59610.2024.10817168","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 35th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5299999713897705},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576690944","https://openalex.org/W2012454856","https://openalex.org/W2015301486","https://openalex.org/W2027711878","https://openalex.org/W2045840914","https://openalex.org/W2070209186","https://openalex.org/W2134046400","https://openalex.org/W2534542549","https://openalex.org/W2602343085","https://openalex.org/W2607826761","https://openalex.org/W2939568344","https://openalex.org/W2983783466","https://openalex.org/W3011067038","https://openalex.org/W3034448035","https://openalex.org/W3193347237","https://openalex.org/W4312258136","https://openalex.org/W4362500654","https://openalex.org/W4383960589","https://openalex.org/W4387870544","https://openalex.org/W4390331420","https://openalex.org/W4390496060","https://openalex.org/W6615358766","https://openalex.org/W6853341996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2567141277","https://openalex.org/W2132841313","https://openalex.org/W2029210135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,114,164],"upper":[1,112],"mid-band,":[2],"spanning":[3],"from":[4],"7":[5],"GHz":[6],"to":[7,32,127,169],"20":[8],"GHz,":[9],"emerges":[10],"as":[11,50,75],"a":[12,91,176,181],"promising":[13],"candidate":[14],"spectrum":[15],"for":[16,149,191],"6G,":[17],"offering":[18],"extensive":[19],"coverage":[20],"and":[21,38,86,141],"remarkable":[22],"capacity.":[23],"It":[24],"drives":[25],"massive":[26,42,109,189],"Multiple":[27,29],"Input":[28],"Output":[30],"(MIMO)":[31],"adopt":[33],"extremely":[34],"large":[35],"antenna":[36,162],"arrays":[37],"the":[39,51,59,80,97,118,122,129,135,150,159,185],"so-called":[40],"extreme":[41,108,188],"MIMO":[43,110,190],"will":[44],"play":[45],"an":[46,171],"essential":[47],"role.":[48],"However,":[49],"number":[52],"of":[53,99,120,187],"antennas":[54],"at":[55,111],"base":[56],"stations":[57],"increases,":[58],"demands":[60],"on":[61,69],"signal":[62],"processing":[63],"intensify":[64],"significantly,":[65],"imposing":[66],"substantial":[67],"limitations":[68],"product":[70],"implementation.":[71],"Reduced-rank":[72],"beamforming":[73,77,105,131,166],"such":[74],"beamspace":[76,130,143],"can":[78],"reduce":[79],"complexities":[81],"associated":[82],"with":[83,175],"channel":[84],"estimation":[85],"precoding.":[87],"This":[88],"paper":[89],"introduces":[90],"low-complexity":[92],"block":[93,136],"Krylov-beamspace":[94],"beamforming,":[95],"targeting":[96],"implementation":[98,157],"two-stage":[100],"long-term/short-term":[101],"fully":[102],"digital":[103],"rank-reduction":[104],"in":[106,117,158,184],"6G":[107],"mid-band.":[113],"key":[115],"lies":[116],"concept":[119],"using":[121],"derived":[123],"multiple":[124],"signature":[125],"vectors":[126],"calculate":[128],"matrix":[132],"that":[133],"spans":[134],"Krylov":[137],"subspace.":[138],"An":[139],"adaptive":[140],"fast-converging":[142],"determination":[144],"scheme":[145],"is":[146,167],"also":[147],"developed":[148],"proposed":[151,165],"algorithm.":[152],"We":[153],"further":[154],"investigate":[155],"its":[156],"practical":[160],"cross-polarized":[161],"systems.":[163],"able":[168],"provide":[170],"eigen-based":[172],"performance":[173],"but":[174],"significant":[177],"complexity":[178],"reduction,":[179],"exhibiting":[180],"great":[182],"potential":[183],"evolution":[186],"6G.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
