{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388040573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293795","title":"Intelligent Load Balancing and Resource Allocation in O-RAN: A Multi-Agent Multi-Armed Bandit Approach","display_name":"Intelligent Load Balancing and Resource Allocation in O-RAN: A Multi-Agent Multi-Armed Bandit Approach","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388040573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293795","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 34th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024918756","display_name":"Chia-Hsiang Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0222-0528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Hsiang Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019371571","display_name":"Li-Hsiang Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6412-5457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304598786","display_name":"Program for Appropriate Technology in Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02ycvrx49","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304598786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Hsiang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,California PATH,Berkeley,USA","California PATH, University of California, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,California PATH,Berkeley,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304598786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"California PATH, University of California, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020169858","display_name":"Kai\u2010Ten Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-8449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Ten Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8064371943473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.7388128042221069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.6526125073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5624058246612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5293228030204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5195289254188538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.47986358404159546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-congestion","display_name":"Network congestion","score":0.4735029339790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4534280002117157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.45022860169410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.23565217852592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0900556743144989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8064371943473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.7388128042221069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.6526125073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5624058246612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5293228030204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5195289254188538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.47986358404159546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195563490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180368","display_name":"Network congestion","level":3,"score":0.4735029339790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4534280002117157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.45022860169410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.23565217852592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0900556743144989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293795","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 34th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051390087","https://openalex.org/W2294218472","https://openalex.org/W2613876438","https://openalex.org/W2957066025","https://openalex.org/W2968563287","https://openalex.org/W2985183400","https://openalex.org/W3005761304","https://openalex.org/W3013858924","https://openalex.org/W3043400637","https://openalex.org/W3094428477","https://openalex.org/W3100707094","https://openalex.org/W3123582921","https://openalex.org/W3136901766","https://openalex.org/W3161358209","https://openalex.org/W3170257037","https://openalex.org/W3182194795","https://openalex.org/W3188690157","https://openalex.org/W3205988599","https://openalex.org/W3217596786","https://openalex.org/W4200630889","https://openalex.org/W4210391766","https://openalex.org/W4226047341","https://openalex.org/W4226338917","https://openalex.org/W4280553279","https://openalex.org/W6838716162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2592537445","https://openalex.org/W2117039245","https://openalex.org/W2497039592","https://openalex.org/W4287262510","https://openalex.org/W2436923341","https://openalex.org/W3138350675","https://openalex.org/W2064969374","https://openalex.org/W2902173727","https://openalex.org/W2885291556","https://openalex.org/W4205856738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25],"open":[1,27,95,103,201],"radio":[2,96],"access":[3],"network":[4,30,59,84,183],"(O-RAN)":[5],"architecture":[6],"offers":[7],"a":[8,101,110,162],"cost-effective":[9],"and":[10,49,86,117,128,143,157,167,195],"scalable":[11],"solution":[12,163],"for":[13,42,114],"internet":[14],"service":[15],"providers":[16],"to":[17,55,76,123,193],"optimize":[18],"their":[19],"networks":[20],"using":[21],"machine":[22],"learning":[23],"algorithms.":[24],"architecture\u2019s":[26],"interfaces":[28],"enable":[29],"function":[31],"virtualization,":[32],"with":[33,164],"the":[34,38,45,81,130,135,141,175,181],"O-RAN":[35,136],"serving":[36],"as":[37],"primary":[39],"communication":[40],"device":[41],"users.":[43],"However,":[44],"limited":[46],"frequency":[47],"resources":[48],"information":[50],"explosion":[51],"make":[52],"it":[53],"difficult":[54],"achieve":[56,125],"an":[57],"optimal":[58],"experience":[60],"without":[61],"effective":[62,131,182],"traffic":[63],"control":[64],"or":[65],"resource":[66,118],"allocation.":[67],"To":[68],"address":[69],"this,":[70],"we":[71],"consider":[72],"mobility-aware":[73],"load":[74,92,115,126,188],"balancing":[75,116,127,189],"evenly":[77],"distribute":[78],"loads":[79,166],"across":[80,190],"network,":[82],"preventing":[83],"congestion":[85],"user":[87],"outages":[88],"caused":[89],"by":[90,100],"excessive":[91],"concentration":[93],"on":[94],"unit":[97,105],"(O-RU)":[98],"governed":[99],"single":[102],"distributed":[104],"(O-DU).":[106],"We":[107,138],"have":[108],"proposed":[109,176],"multi-agent":[111],"multi-armed":[112],"bandit":[113],"allocation":[119],"(mmLBRA)":[120],"scheme,":[121],"designed":[122],"both":[124],"improve":[129],"sum-rate":[132,184],"performance":[133],"of":[134],"network.":[137],"also":[139],"present":[140],"mmLBRA-LB":[142],"mmLBRA-RA":[144],"sub-schemes":[145],"that":[146,174],"can":[147],"operate":[148],"independently":[149],"in":[150,169,200],"non-realtime":[151],"RAN":[152],"intelligent":[153],"controller":[154],"(Non-RT":[155],"RIC)":[156],"near-RT":[158],"RIC,":[159],"respectively,":[160],"providing":[161],"moderate":[165],"high-rate":[168],"O-RUs.":[170],"Simulation":[171],"results":[172],"show":[173],"mmLBRA":[177],"scheme":[178],"significantly":[179],"increases":[180],"while":[185],"achieving":[186],"better":[187],"O-RUs":[191],"compared":[192],"rule-based":[194],"other":[196],"existing":[197],"heuristic":[198],"methods":[199],"literature.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
