{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388077797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293774","title":"Adaptive Beamforming for Non-Line-of-Sight IRS-Assisted Communications without CSI","display_name":"Adaptive Beamforming for Non-Line-of-Sight IRS-Assisted Communications without CSI","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388077797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293774","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 34th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100338153","display_name":"Wenyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0257-5890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen),School of Science and Engineering,China","School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen),School of Science and Engineering,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076437321","display_name":"Wenhai Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2744-0573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhai Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen),School of Science and Engineering,China","School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen),School of Science and Engineering,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041857749","display_name":"Shuyi Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyi Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen),School of Science and Engineering,China","School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen),School of Science and Engineering,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018175815","display_name":"Liyao Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0165-4930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyao Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353701","display_name":"Xin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6003-7719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies,China","Huawei Technologies, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111065177","display_name":"Shaobo Niu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaobo Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies,China","Huawei Technologies, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022905256","display_name":"Kaiming Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-7975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiming Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen),School of Science and Engineering,China","School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen),School of Science and Engineering,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9534891247749329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8799619078636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7381986379623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.568997323513031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.5345078706741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4968891441822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4569975733757019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4384400248527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-beamformer","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","score":0.4300924241542816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.389313668012619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32493704557418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29728904366493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.06630370020866394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9534891247749329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8799619078636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7381986379623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.568997323513031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5345078706741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4968891441822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4569975733757019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4384400248527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33378366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680719","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","level":3,"score":0.4300924241542816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.389313668012619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32493704557418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29728904366493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.06630370020866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293774","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 34th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2985466239","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3009902505","https://openalex.org/W3013719647","https://openalex.org/W3024812795","https://openalex.org/W3032095193","https://openalex.org/W3034533409","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3047532596","https://openalex.org/W3088226458","https://openalex.org/W3091842477","https://openalex.org/W3093874970","https://openalex.org/W3094164592","https://openalex.org/W3098752517","https://openalex.org/W3130026012","https://openalex.org/W3180290512","https://openalex.org/W4200632050","https://openalex.org/W4200632697","https://openalex.org/W4224920316","https://openalex.org/W4285184471","https://openalex.org/W4313482669","https://openalex.org/W4315473058","https://openalex.org/W4320029475","https://openalex.org/W6774773516","https://openalex.org/W6805441806"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2009075871","https://openalex.org/W2088352174","https://openalex.org/W2132841313","https://openalex.org/W2518591292","https://openalex.org/W2105408150","https://openalex.org/W1976800395","https://openalex.org/W4286695888","https://openalex.org/W2606661315","https://openalex.org/W3084132786"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Channel":[0],"acquisition":[1],"is":[2,29,115,159],"a":[3,75],"major":[4],"bottleneck":[5],"in":[6,70],"fully":[7],"exploiting":[8],"the":[9,18,35,79,91,106,112,119,145,154,167],"potential":[10],"of":[11,63,144],"intelligent":[12],"reflecting":[13],"surfaces":[14],"(IRSs)":[15],"to":[16,23,30],"improve":[17],"wireless":[19],"environment.":[20],"In":[21],"order":[22],"bypass":[24],"such":[25],"difficulty,":[26],"an":[27,133,141],"alternative":[28],"optimize":[31],"IRS":[32],"based":[33],"on":[34],"received":[36],"signal":[37,101],"statistics":[38],"rather":[39],"than":[40,166],"channel":[41],"state":[42],"information":[43],"(CSI),":[44],"namely":[45],"blind":[46,81,121,137,156],"beamforming.":[47],"The":[48],"two":[49,96],"recent":[50],"methods,":[51],"RFocus":[52],"and":[53,150],"conditional":[54],"sample":[55],"mean":[56],"(CSM),":[57],"fall":[58],"into":[59],"this":[60,129],"category,":[61],"both":[62],"which":[64,139],"have":[65],"been":[66],"shown":[67],"highly":[68],"effective":[69],"practice.":[71],"Nevertheless,":[72],"we":[73,131],"find":[74],"subtle":[76],"drawback":[77],"with":[78],"existing":[80,120,168],"beamforming":[82,122,157],"methods":[83,123],"that":[84,153],"they":[85],"may":[86],"not":[87],"work":[88,125],"well":[89],"for":[90,95,136,163],"non-line-of-sight":[92],"(NLoS)":[93],"case":[94],"reasons.":[97],"First,":[98],"many":[99],"more":[100,161],"samples":[102],"are":[103],"needed":[104],"when":[105],"direct":[107,113],"propagation":[108,114],"diminishes.":[109],"Second,":[110],"if":[111],"completely":[116],"blocked":[117],"then":[118],"cannot":[124],"whatsoever.":[126],"To":[127],"address":[128],"issue,":[130],"propose":[132],"adaptive":[134],"strategy":[135],"beamforming,":[138],"guarantees":[140],"approximation":[142],"ratio":[143],"global":[146],"optimum.":[147],"Field":[148],"tests":[149],"simulations":[151],"show":[152],"proposed":[155],"method":[158],"much":[160],"suited":[162],"NLoS":[164],"environment":[165],"ones.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}