{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388040630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293763","title":"Cellular Spectrum Occupancy Probability in Urban and Rural Scenarios at Various UAS Altitudes","display_name":"Cellular Spectrum Occupancy Probability in Urban and Rural Scenarios at Various UAS Altitudes","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388040630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293763","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 34th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042545183","display_name":"Amir Hossein Fahim Raouf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-021X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Hossein Fahim Raouf","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Raleigh,NC","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Raleigh,NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084843030","display_name":"Sung Joon Maeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8297-7792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Joon Maeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Raleigh,NC","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Raleigh,NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016722903","display_name":"\u0130smail G\u00fcven\u00e7","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-6242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismail Guvenc","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Raleigh,NC","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Raleigh,NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102025499","display_name":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr \u00d6zdemir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0573-9221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr \u00d6zdemir","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Raleigh,NC","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Raleigh,NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048272917","display_name":"Mihail L. Sichitiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5186-842X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihail Sichitiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Raleigh,NC","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Raleigh,NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9576,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78267956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.853173017501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.805633544921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.558646559715271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.542930006980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.48705676198005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4810797870159149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4694231152534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.45868420600891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.43362167477607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.4130135178565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.28015920519828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2061862349510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.14972975850105286}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.853173017501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.805633544921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.558646559715271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.542930006980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.48705676198005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4810797870159149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4694231152534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.45868420600891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.43362167477607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.4130135178565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.28015920519828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2061862349510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.14972975850105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pimrc56721.2023.10293763","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 34th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971130674","https://openalex.org/W1992901836","https://openalex.org/W2963160817","https://openalex.org/W3015839001","https://openalex.org/W3088404620","https://openalex.org/W3179283102","https://openalex.org/W4210552697","https://openalex.org/W4283317710","https://openalex.org/W4293689518","https://openalex.org/W4321606816","https://openalex.org/W4366331488","https://openalex.org/W4385800885","https://openalex.org/W4385834104","https://openalex.org/W6846776050","https://openalex.org/W6848781091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W790449367","https://openalex.org/W1482197907","https://openalex.org/W4302568799","https://openalex.org/W1550567184","https://openalex.org/W2291764513","https://openalex.org/W2950729840","https://openalex.org/W2289314820","https://openalex.org/W2156248763","https://openalex.org/W2483502620","https://openalex.org/W2236567279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ever-growing":[1],"demand":[2],"for":[3],"wireless":[4],"connectivity,":[5],"coupled":[6],"with":[7,139],"limited":[8],"spectrum":[9,14,45,89,130,144],"resources,":[10],"has":[11],"resulted":[12],"in":[13,25,36,62,91,105,123,132,154],"congestion":[15],"and":[16,38,54,69,143,149],"interference.":[17],"This":[18],"research":[19],"investigates":[20],"the":[21,44,63,81,86,98,106,110,155],"probability":[22,87,99],"of":[23,47,83,88,100],"occupancy":[24,46,90,101],"common":[26],"sub-6":[27],"GHz":[28],"cellular":[29,134],"network":[30],"bands":[31,60,135],"based":[32],"on":[33,85,141],"measurements":[34],"conducted":[35],"urban":[37],"rural":[39],"environments.":[40],"Specifically,":[41],"we":[42,79,113],"analyze":[43],"various":[48,133],"long-term":[49],"evolution":[50],"(LTE),":[51],"5thgeneration":[52],"(5G)":[53],"Citizens":[55],"Broadband":[56],"Radio":[57],"Service":[58],"(CBRS)":[59],"used":[61],"United":[64],"States,":[65],"considering":[66],"both":[67],"uplink":[68],"downlink":[70,107],"transmissions":[71],"at":[72],"altitudes":[73],"up":[74],"to":[75,109],"180":[76],"meters.":[77],"Additionally,":[78],"explore":[80],"influence":[82],"altitude":[84],"these":[92],"bands.":[93],"Our":[94],"findings":[95],"reveal":[96],"that":[97,115],"is":[102],"generally":[103],"higher":[104,124],"compared":[108],"uplink.":[111],"Moreover,":[112],"observe":[114],"line-of-sight":[116],"(LoS)":[117],"signals":[118],"play":[119],"a":[120],"critical":[121],"role":[122],"altitudes.":[125],"These":[126],"results":[127],"provide":[128],"insights":[129],"utilization":[131],"across":[136],"different":[137],"altitudes,":[138],"implications":[140],"interference":[142],"coexistence":[145],"between":[146],"terrestrial":[147],"networks":[148],"unmanned":[150],"aerial":[151],"systems":[152],"(UASs)":[153],"future.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}