{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210647988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569638","title":"Low Overhead Codebook Design for mmWave Roadside Units Placed at Smart Intersections","display_name":"Low Overhead Codebook Design for mmWave Roadside Units Placed at Smart Intersections","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210647988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569638","mag":"3210647988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569638","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016717133","display_name":"Bryse Flowers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-4732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bryse Flowers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Wireless Communications, University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Wireless Communications, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390687","display_name":"Xinyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-8056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Wireless Communications, University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Wireless Communications, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105369696","display_name":"Sujit Dey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9671-3950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sujit Dey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Wireless Communications, University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Wireless Communications, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016717133"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1003,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4446469,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"366","last_page":"372"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.9906892776489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.7883974313735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6966843008995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.6115727424621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.47746896743774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.46252521872520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.4273843467235565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3819957971572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3681035041809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26383310556411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23000678420066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12588876485824585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.9906892776489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7883974313735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6966843008995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6115727424621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.47746896743774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.46252521872520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.4273843467235565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3819957971572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3681035041809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26383310556411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23000678420066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12588876485824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569638","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789370391","https://openalex.org/W2891787690","https://openalex.org/W2898434483","https://openalex.org/W2903709398","https://openalex.org/W2914111477","https://openalex.org/W2962867954","https://openalex.org/W2981544095","https://openalex.org/W3016000917","https://openalex.org/W3039683021","https://openalex.org/W3040231619","https://openalex.org/W3046928693","https://openalex.org/W3088695100","https://openalex.org/W3098782124","https://openalex.org/W4295719664","https://openalex.org/W6745935785","https://openalex.org/W6769431196"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293149949","https://openalex.org/W2026099691","https://openalex.org/W4284672201","https://openalex.org/W2377486419","https://openalex.org/W2943202426","https://openalex.org/W2950156284","https://openalex.org/W2736714427","https://openalex.org/W2163679795","https://openalex.org/W2137816434","https://openalex.org/W1983617143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,27,56,61,105,148,167,179],"meet":[3],"the":[4,23,58,71,90,97,106,109,113,129,136,141,180,189,228],"high":[5],"data":[6],"rate":[7],"requirements":[8],"of":[9,25,47,92,101,108,123,138,188,247],"emerging":[10],"roadway":[11],"use":[12,62],"cases,":[13],"mmWave":[14,39,110,218,235],"vehicular":[15],"communications":[16,190],"will":[17],"be":[18,126,145,194,201],"needed.":[19],"This":[20,66,85],"work":[21,86,213],"studies":[22],"ability":[24],"vehicles":[26],"communicate":[28],"with":[29,131],"a":[30,42,44,102,177,207,233],"Roadside":[31],"Unit":[32],"(RSU)":[33],"placed":[34],"at":[35],"an":[36,158],"intersection.":[37,159],"Practical":[38],"radios":[40,219],"utilize":[41],"codebook,":[43],"discrete":[45],"set":[46],"analog":[48],"beams,":[49],"that":[50,121,192,215,239],"is":[51,74,83,119,249],"periodically":[52],"searched":[53],"during":[54],"runtime":[55],"find":[57],"optimal":[59],"beam":[60,81,93,171,197],"for":[63,77,116,157,222],"each":[64],"receiver.":[65],"search":[67,82],"creates":[68],"overhead":[69,91,199],"as":[70],"wireless":[72],"channel":[73,111],"not":[75],"used":[76],"communication":[78],"while":[79,152,204],"this":[80,175,212],"happening.":[84],"focuses":[87],"on":[88,165],"reducing":[89],"training":[94,172,198],"by":[95],"optimizing":[96],"site-specific":[98],"codebook":[99,130,142,230],"design":[100],"RSU.":[103],"Owing":[104],"sparsity":[107],"and":[112,244],"user":[114],"distribution":[115],"vehicles,":[117],"it":[118],"found":[120],"85%":[122],"beams":[124,140,151],"can":[125,144],"removed":[127,203],"from":[128],"zero-impact.":[132],"By":[133],"carefully":[134],"selecting":[135],"usage":[137],"wide":[139],"size":[143],"further":[146],"reduced":[147],"just":[149],"64":[150],"still":[153],"providing":[154],"omni-directional":[155],"coverage":[156],"Other":[160],"research":[161],"thrusts":[162],"have":[163],"focused":[164],"attempting":[166],"augment":[168],"or":[169],"remove":[170],"entirely;":[173],"however,":[174],"necessitates":[176],"change":[178],"PHY":[181],"layer.":[182],"Codebook":[183],"optimization":[184,231],"achieves":[185],"approximately":[186],"80%":[187],"performance":[191],"would":[193],"achieved":[195],"if":[196],"could":[200],"completely":[202],"only":[205],"requiring":[206],"radio":[208],"configuration":[209],"update.":[210],"Thus,":[211],"finds":[214],"today\u2019s":[216],"commercial":[217],"are":[220],"sufficient":[221],"deployments":[223],"in":[224],"RSUs.":[225],"To":[226],"validate":[227],"proposed":[229],"algorithm,":[232],"detailed":[234],"ray":[236],"tracing":[237],"framework":[238],"encompasses":[240],"3D":[241],"environmental":[242],"information":[243],"material":[245],"properties":[246],"reflectors":[248],"developed.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
