{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175436494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569538","title":"Deep Learning-Based Active User Detection for Grant-free SCMA Systems","display_name":"Deep Learning-Based Active User Detection for Grant-free SCMA Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175436494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569538","mag":"3175436494"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569538","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.11198","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110927598","display_name":"Thushan Sivalingam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thushan Sivalingam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Centre for Wireless Communications,Oulu,Finland","University of Oulu, Centre for Wireless Communications, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Centre for Wireless Communications,Oulu,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu, Centre for Wireless Communications, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087341629","display_name":"Samad Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-8435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samad Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Centre for Wireless Communications,Oulu,Finland","University of Oulu, Centre for Wireless Communications, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Centre for Wireless Communications,Oulu,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu, Centre for Wireless Communications, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011675848","display_name":"Nurul Huda Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1478-2272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurul Huda Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Centre for Wireless Communications,Oulu,Finland","University of Oulu, Centre for Wireless Communications, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Centre for Wireless Communications,Oulu,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu, Centre for Wireless Communications, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009064777","display_name":"Nandana Rajatheva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7029-5583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nandana Rajatheva","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Centre for Wireless Communications,Oulu,Finland","University of Oulu, Centre for Wireless Communications, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Centre for Wireless Communications,Oulu,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu, Centre for Wireless Communications, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035872239","display_name":"Matti Latva\u2010aho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-0969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti Latva-Aho","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Centre for Wireless Communications,Oulu,Finland","University of Oulu, Centre for Wireless Communications, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Centre for Wireless Communications,Oulu,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu, Centre for Wireless Communications, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110927598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42301287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"635","last_page":"641"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.8310939073562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7640842199325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7530279159545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5599511861801147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access","display_name":"Random access","score":0.5068231225013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4947328269481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.47562840580940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.46567294001579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.41518688201904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4145176112651825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.40856871008872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31986263394355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1644086241722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1561860740184784}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.8310939073562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7640842199325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7530279159545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5599511861801147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.5068231225013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4947328269481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.47562840580940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.46567294001579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.41518688201904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4145176112651825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.40856871008872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31986263394355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1644086241722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1561860740184784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569538","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.11198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.11198","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.11198","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3175436494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.11198.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2106.11198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2106.11198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.57702/3datrgc3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57702/3datrgc3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053387","display_name":"TIB Data Manager","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.11198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.11198","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.11198","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1922937245","https://openalex.org/W2008104692","https://openalex.org/W2051275493","https://openalex.org/W2110767187","https://openalex.org/W2508031406","https://openalex.org/W2735475593","https://openalex.org/W2811365745","https://openalex.org/W2899788749","https://openalex.org/W2958366699","https://openalex.org/W2962959174","https://openalex.org/W2963409175","https://openalex.org/W3001915958","https://openalex.org/W3022898652","https://openalex.org/W3023940643","https://openalex.org/W3027993135","https://openalex.org/W3046061034","https://openalex.org/W3084405028","https://openalex.org/W6777514010","https://openalex.org/W6777536727","https://openalex.org/W6782927558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3209927037","https://openalex.org/W2963177968","https://openalex.org/W3046061034","https://openalex.org/W2959087887","https://openalex.org/W2976844380","https://openalex.org/W2156374892","https://openalex.org/W2770648358","https://openalex.org/W3133092945","https://openalex.org/W2939743643","https://openalex.org/W3098689128","https://openalex.org/W2811365745","https://openalex.org/W2741562331","https://openalex.org/W3038719751","https://openalex.org/W2952190211","https://openalex.org/W2603370583","https://openalex.org/W3155093363","https://openalex.org/W3010011024","https://openalex.org/W2564709470","https://openalex.org/W3178346894","https://openalex.org/W2938295101"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grant-free":[0],"random":[1],"access":[2,8,47],"and":[3,17,66,106],"uplink":[4,52],"non-":[5],"orthogonal":[6],"multiple":[7,46],"(NOMA)":[9],"have":[10],"been":[11],"introduced":[12],"to":[13,96,134,142],"reduce":[14],"transmission":[15],"latency":[16],"signaling":[18],"overhead":[19],"in":[20,50],"massive":[21],"machine-type":[22],"communication":[23],"(mMTC).":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"we":[28],"propose":[29],"two":[30],"novel":[31],"group-based":[32],"deep":[33],"neural":[34],"network":[35],"active":[36,99,120],"user":[37],"detection":[38,132],"(AUD)":[39],"schemes":[40,57,124,138],"for":[41],"the":[42,59,67,74,79,86,90,98,110,122,129,135,140],"grant-free":[43],"sparse":[44,80],"code":[45],"(SCMA)":[48],"system":[49],"mMTC":[51],"framework.":[53],"The":[54],"proposed":[55,123],"AUD":[56,137],"learn":[58],"nonlinear":[60],"mapping,":[61],"i.e.,":[62],"multi-dimensional":[63],"codebook":[64],"structure":[65,81],"channel":[68,103],"characteristic.":[69],"This":[70],"is":[71,94],"accomplished":[72],"through":[73],"received":[75],"signal":[76,141],"which":[77],"incorporates":[78],"of":[82,109,131,146],"device":[83,111],"activity":[84],"with":[85,118],"training":[87],"dataset.":[88],"Moreover,":[89],"offline":[91],"pre-trained":[92],"model":[93],"able":[95],"detect":[97],"devices":[100],"without":[101],"any":[102],"state":[104],"information":[105],"prior":[107],"knowledge":[108],"sparsity":[112],"level.":[113],"Simulation":[114],"results":[115],"show":[116],"that":[117],"several":[119],"devices,":[121],"obtain":[125],"more":[126],"than":[127],"twice":[128],"probability":[130],"compared":[133],"conventional":[136],"over":[139],"noise":[143],"ratio":[144],"range":[145],"interest.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}