{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208293033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569487","title":"Client Selection Based on Label Quantity Information for Federated Learning","display_name":"Client Selection Based on Label Quantity Information for Federated Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208293033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569487","mag":"3208293033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569487","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109461059","display_name":"Jiahua Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiahua Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University,Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Guangdong,China,510006"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University,Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Guangdong,China,510006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032067597","display_name":"Xinghua Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-1469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinghua Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University,Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Guangdong,China,510006"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University,Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Guangdong,China,510006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075408600","display_name":"Wenchao Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6245-0347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenchao Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications,Nanjing,China,210003"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications,Nanjing,China,210003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100709597","display_name":"Xijun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-9763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xijun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University,Department of Electronics and Information Technology,Guangdong,China,510006"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University,Department of Electronics and Information Technology,Guangdong,China,510006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441949","display_name":"Xiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9800-6472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University,Department of Electronics and Information Technology,Guangdong,China,510006"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University,Department of Electronics and Information Technology,Guangdong,China,510006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755735","display_name":"Hongbo Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1032-4434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications,Nanjing,China,210003"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications,Nanjing,China,210003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109461059"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3536,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93499129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8145190477371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-and-identically-distributed-random-variables","display_name":"Independent and identically distributed random variables","score":0.7277912497520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6498260498046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5893916487693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.564184308052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5149667859077454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4779786467552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.471648633480072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4204569160938263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.416046679019928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.3456152081489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3267267346382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3255590796470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.28486326336860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18409043550491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.11303326487541199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8145190477371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141513077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378542","display_name":"Independent and identically distributed random variables","level":3,"score":0.7277912497520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6498260498046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5893916487693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.564184308052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5149667859077454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4779786467552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.471648633480072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4204569160938263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.416046679019928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.3456152081489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3267267346382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3255590796470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.28486326336860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18409043550491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.11303326487541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569487","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321160","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2541884796","https://openalex.org/W2798720628","https://openalex.org/W2807006176","https://openalex.org/W2975156709","https://openalex.org/W3010479380","https://openalex.org/W3036013485","https://openalex.org/W3038022836","https://openalex.org/W3038426846","https://openalex.org/W3043723611","https://openalex.org/W3045611708","https://openalex.org/W3046178819","https://openalex.org/W3049064186","https://openalex.org/W3089655738","https://openalex.org/W3091404410","https://openalex.org/W3102449016","https://openalex.org/W3105122387","https://openalex.org/W3113075536","https://openalex.org/W3122122969","https://openalex.org/W3174661481","https://openalex.org/W3176639943","https://openalex.org/W4289147229","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W6752029299","https://openalex.org/W6756756286","https://openalex.org/W6759238902","https://openalex.org/W6780582827","https://openalex.org/W6780923056","https://openalex.org/W6780968311","https://openalex.org/W6781318954","https://openalex.org/W6781642596","https://openalex.org/W6782049764","https://openalex.org/W6787193878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2160425906","https://openalex.org/W1882733036","https://openalex.org/W2947903144","https://openalex.org/W2546696010","https://openalex.org/W1992741870","https://openalex.org/W4385726385","https://openalex.org/W4312712074","https://openalex.org/W4297683804","https://openalex.org/W3212336307"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"learning":[1],"(FL)":[2],"enables":[3],"devices":[4,27],"to":[5,37,43,110,121],"update":[6],"a":[7,48,64,87],"global":[8],"model":[9],"while":[10],"keeping":[11],"the":[12,23,57,61,100,104,111,127,130],"training":[13],"data":[14,18,25],"local,":[15],"so":[16],"that":[17,99],"privacy":[19,123],"is":[20,28,75,118],"protected.":[21],"However,":[22],"local":[24],"of":[26,55,60,106,129],"usually":[29],"non-independent":[30],"and":[31],"identically":[32],"distributed":[33],"(non-i.i.d.),":[34],"which":[35,78,125],"leads":[36],"performance":[38,105],"degradation.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"aims":[42],"address":[44],"this":[45],"issue":[46],"by":[47],"client-selection":[49],"approach.":[50],"In":[51],"particular,":[52],"in":[53],"consideration":[54],"balancing":[56],"label":[58],"distribution":[59],"selected":[62],"clients,":[63],"new":[65,88],"client":[66],"selection":[67],"method":[68,117],"called":[69,90],"grouping":[70],"based":[71,85],"scheduling":[72,113],"(GS)":[73],"scheme":[74],"proposed,":[76],"with":[77],"clients":[79],"are":[80],"divided":[81],"into":[82],"several":[83],"groups":[84],"on":[86],"metric":[89],"group":[91],"earth":[92],"mover\u2019s":[93],"distance":[94],"(GEMD).":[95],"Experiment":[96],"results":[97],"show":[98],"GS":[101,132],"can":[102],"improve":[103],"FL":[107],"algorithms,":[108],"compared":[109],"random":[112],"scheme.":[114,133],"An":[115],"encryption":[116],"further":[119],"proposed":[120,131],"enhance":[122],"protection,":[124],"facilitates":[126],"application":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}