{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201444140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569284","title":"Smart Manufacturing Multi-Site Testbed with 5G and Beyond Connectivity","display_name":"Smart Manufacturing Multi-Site Testbed with 5G and Beyond Connectivity","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201444140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569284","mag":"3201444140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569284","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044751517","display_name":"Ilkka Harjula","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ilkka Harjula","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055964920","display_name":"Mikko Uitto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Uitto","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087646552","display_name":"Marko Jurmu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-009X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marko Jurmu","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069863735","display_name":"Jukka Koskinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9749-6302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jukka Koskinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055993182","display_name":"Jukka M\u00e4kel\u00e4","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jukka Makela","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005475879","display_name":"Stefan Walter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-6088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Walter","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035258842","display_name":"Markku Hentula","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markku Hentula","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084183434","display_name":"Tapio Heikkil\u00e4","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tapio Heikkila","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024912712","display_name":"Marja Lintala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marja Lintala","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005962132","display_name":"Ky\u00f6sti Rautiola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9262-8871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyosti Rautiola","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044751517"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.593,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73844965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.9121198654174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-4.0","display_name":"Industry 4.0","score":0.6101055145263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.562937319278717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.5560824871063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-partnership","display_name":"General partnership","score":0.5296259522438049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4880198538303375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factory","display_name":"Factory (object-oriented programming)","score":0.4851744771003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-manufacturing","display_name":"Agile manufacturing","score":0.47182637453079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development","display_name":"Agile software development","score":0.46922311186790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4584931433200836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing","display_name":"Manufacturing","score":0.4421215355396271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-manufacturing","display_name":"Digital manufacturing","score":0.4124825596809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3363838791847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27022796869277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.16944828629493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.14758864045143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.14095833897590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12065091729164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1157563328742981}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.9121198654174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777986313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661989","display_name":"Industry 4.0","level":2,"score":0.6101055145263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.562937319278717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.5560824871063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71750763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646164","display_name":"General partnership","level":2,"score":0.5296259522438049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4880198538303375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40149104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5620977","display_name":"Factory (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.4851744771003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4692546","display_name":"Agile manufacturing","level":3,"score":0.47182637453079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.46922311186790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4584931433200836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175700187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.4421215355396271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25349015","display_name":"Digital manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.4124825596809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3363838791847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27022796869277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.16944828629493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.14758864045143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.14095833897590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12065091729164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1157563328742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569284","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2508938868","https://openalex.org/W2888248460","https://openalex.org/W2922968484","https://openalex.org/W2968417584","https://openalex.org/W3009033918","https://openalex.org/W3022280172","https://openalex.org/W6930894846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982666504","https://openalex.org/W3128471986","https://openalex.org/W2970579318","https://openalex.org/W1976623186","https://openalex.org/W3044841640","https://openalex.org/W2934175106","https://openalex.org/W1943981837","https://openalex.org/W3160780820","https://openalex.org/W3201444140","https://openalex.org/W4322577676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industry":[0,63],"4.0":[1],"is":[2,20,117],"forming":[3],"the":[4,24,29,50,54,154,168,173],"manufacturing":[5,170],"industry":[6],"towards":[7],"more":[8],"agile":[9],"and":[10,75,80,95,98,112],"networked":[11],"operations":[12],"enriched":[13],"by":[14,28],"exploitation":[15],"of":[16,23,53,60,107,128,145],"new":[17,77],"technology.":[18],"Manufacturing":[19,66],"also":[21],"one":[22],"key":[25],"verticals":[26],"defined":[27],"5G":[30,94],"Infrastructure":[31],"Public":[32],"Private":[33],"Partnership":[34],"(5G":[35],"PPP)":[36],"aimed":[37],"at":[38],"digital":[39,113],"transformation":[40],"in":[41,82,119,153],"industrial":[42,71],"communication.":[43],"In":[44,156],"this":[45,157],"paper,":[46,158],"we":[47],"will":[48],"present":[49],"current":[51],"status":[52],"VTT\u2019s":[55],"(VTT":[56],"Technical":[57],"Research":[58],"Centre":[59],"Finland":[61],"Ltd)":[62],"X":[64],"Smart":[65],"Testbed,":[67],"which":[68,148],"enables":[69],"Finnish":[70],"companies":[72],"to":[73,93,104,166],"test":[74],"experiment":[76],"production":[78],"methods":[79],"technologies":[81,89,151,176],"an":[83],"industrial-like":[84],"environment.":[85],"The":[86,115],"testbed":[87,116],"utilizes":[88],"varying":[90],"from":[91,99],"robotics":[92],"beyond":[96],"connectivity,":[97],"international":[100],"data":[101],"spaces":[102],"(IDS)":[103],"extended":[105],"forms":[106],"reality":[108],"(AR,":[109],"VR,":[110],"MR)":[111],"twins.":[114],"built":[118],"a":[120],"hierarchical":[121],"manner.":[122],"Inter-connected":[123],"factory":[124,129],"level":[125,131],"testbeds":[126],"comprise":[127],"process":[130],"processes":[132,141],"that":[133],"are":[134,163],"grouped":[135],"into":[136],"use":[137],"case":[138],"families.":[139],"These":[140],"include":[142],"several":[143],"proofs":[144],"concept":[146],"demonstrators,":[147],"utilize":[149],"different":[150],"available":[152],"testbed.":[155],"three":[159],"recent":[160],"proof-of-cencepts":[161],"(PoC)":[162],"briefly":[164],"presented":[165],"illustrate":[167],"next-generation":[169],"possibilities":[171],"using":[172],"latest":[174],"communication":[175],"available.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
