{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092482374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217382","title":"Load Balancing of Hybrid LiFi WiFi Networks Using Reinforcement learning","display_name":"Load Balancing of Hybrid LiFi WiFi Networks Using Reinforcement learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092482374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217382","mag":"3092482374"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217382","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 31st Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000452118","display_name":"Rizwana Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0146-366X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119939252","display_name":"Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/03vfp4g33","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119939252"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rizwana Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication, IIIT-D, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication, IIIT-D, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119939252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074452669","display_name":"Mohammad Soltani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-7241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Dehghani Soltani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communications, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043354202","display_name":"Majid Safari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-0052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majid Safari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communications, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028628058","display_name":"Anand Srivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2757-1511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119939252","display_name":"Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/03vfp4g33","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119939252"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Srivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication, IIIT-D, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication, IIIT-D, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119939252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8239060044288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6383710503578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.573188304901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5172298550605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5066669583320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-performance","display_name":"Network performance","score":0.49190688133239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4272763133049011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-improvement","display_name":"Performance improvement","score":0.4231411814689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.36702126264572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3171587586402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1493401825428009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08071911334991455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8239060044288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6383710503578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.573188304901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5172298550605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5066669583320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.49190688133239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4272763133049011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.4231411814689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.36702126264572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3171587586402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1493401825428009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08071911334991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217382","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 31st Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1301389261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S016570/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592892497","https://openalex.org/W1639294930","https://openalex.org/W1771410628","https://openalex.org/W2028078039","https://openalex.org/W2037405583","https://openalex.org/W2076337359","https://openalex.org/W2100303002","https://openalex.org/W2163670414","https://openalex.org/W2272996903","https://openalex.org/W2323702888","https://openalex.org/W2337454911","https://openalex.org/W2476666762","https://openalex.org/W2574337833","https://openalex.org/W2613988059","https://openalex.org/W2615462575","https://openalex.org/W2726162378","https://openalex.org/W2749204439","https://openalex.org/W2763063856","https://openalex.org/W2777094950","https://openalex.org/W2803887634","https://openalex.org/W2963698335","https://openalex.org/W2968928935","https://openalex.org/W3008894094","https://openalex.org/W3041793217","https://openalex.org/W3128093517","https://openalex.org/W6635622253","https://openalex.org/W6638018090","https://openalex.org/W6773302924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972303049","https://openalex.org/W2100227865","https://openalex.org/W1511569052","https://openalex.org/W2103044392","https://openalex.org/W2095983739","https://openalex.org/W1942580841","https://openalex.org/W2977983186","https://openalex.org/W2406378834","https://openalex.org/W1527863807","https://openalex.org/W1576256164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Light":[0],"fidelity":[1],"(LiFi)":[2],"is":[3,40,52,91,156],"an":[4,131],"emerging":[5],"communication":[6],"technology":[7],"that":[8,92,138,188],"utilizes":[9],"light":[10,29],"intensity":[11],"modulation":[12],"in":[13,48,118,169,197],"order":[14],"to":[15,22,25,44,75,129,140],"transfer":[16],"data":[17,35,60,96],"from":[18],"light-emitting":[19],"diode":[20],"(LED)":[21],"users.":[23],"Due":[24],"the":[26,63,113,142,153,165,172,183,189,199,203],"vast":[27],"visible":[28],"spectrum,":[30],"LiFi":[31,66,79,87,106],"can":[32,73],"support":[33],"high":[34,95],"rates;":[36],"however,":[37],"its":[38],"coverage":[39,57],"limited.":[41],"In":[42],"contrast":[43],"LiFi,":[45],"WiFi":[46,81,89,108],"works":[47],"radio":[49],"frequency":[50],"and":[51,80,88,98,107,178],"capable":[53],"of":[54,65,85,103,152,171],"providing":[55],"ubiquitous":[56],"with":[58,70],"limited":[59],"rates.":[61],"Since":[62],"spectrum":[64],"does":[67],"not":[68],"overlap":[69],"WiFi,":[71],"both":[72],"co-exist":[74],"form":[76],"a":[77,104,194],"hybrid":[78,86,105],"network.":[82],"The":[83,101,150],"advantage":[84],"network":[90,109,144,174],"it":[93,185],"provides":[94,193],"rates":[97],"better":[99],"connectivity.":[100],"performance":[102,151,200],"significantly":[110],"depends":[111],"upon":[112],"load":[114],"balancing":[115],"strategies.":[116],"Therefore,":[117],"this":[119],"paper,":[120],"gradient":[121],"descent-based":[122],"reinforcement":[123],"learning":[124],"(RL)":[125],"has":[126],"been":[127],"proposed":[128,154,190],"determine":[130],"optimal":[132],"access":[133],"point":[134],"(AP)":[135],"assignment":[136],"policy":[137],"aims":[139],"maximize":[141],"average":[143,173],"throughput":[145],"while":[146],"ensuring":[147],"user's":[148],"satisfaction.":[149],"method":[155,192],"then":[157],"compared":[158],"against":[159],"conventional":[160],"signal":[161],"strength":[162],"strategy":[163],"(SSS);":[164],"results":[166],"are":[167],"presented":[168],"terms":[170],"throughput,":[175],"user":[176],"satisfaction,":[177],"outage":[179],"probability.":[180],"Based":[181],"on":[182],"results,":[184],"was":[186],"observed":[187],"RL":[191],"significant":[195],"improvement":[196],"all":[198],"metrics":[201],"over":[202],"SSS":[204],"based":[205],"method.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}