{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092342561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217353","title":"Optimal Energy Efficiency in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems: A Stochastic Geometry Approach","display_name":"Optimal Energy Efficiency in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems: A Stochastic Geometry Approach","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092342561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217353","mag":"3092342561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217353","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 31st Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055961126","display_name":"Anastasios Papazafeiropoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-6461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["GB","LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastasios Papazafeiropoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications and Intelligent Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, U. K","SnT - securityandtrust.lu, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications and Intelligent Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, U. K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT - securityandtrust.lu, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052919611","display_name":"Hien Quoc Ngo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-2220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hien Quoc Ngo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053560016","display_name":"Pandelis Kourtessis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-670X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pandelis Kourtessis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications and Intelligent Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, U. K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications and Intelligent Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, U. K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016154330","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT - securityandtrust.lu, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT - securityandtrust.lu, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033083229","display_name":"John M. Senior","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4881-560X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. Senior","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications and Intelligent Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, U. K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications and Intelligent Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, U. K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.8355275392532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-point-process","display_name":"Poisson point process","score":0.7813576459884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6273016929626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6063562035560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5502927899360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.4887428283691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.46261197328567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.43162816762924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4204687476158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3824889659881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-process","display_name":"Point process","score":0.35025838017463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34342777729034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24340054392814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13390129804611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11744257807731628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08559903502464294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.8355275392532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16757284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145117","display_name":"Poisson point process","level":3,"score":0.7813576459884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6273016929626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6063562035560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5502927899360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.4887428283691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.46261197328567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.43162816762924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4204687476158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3824889659881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88871306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208287","display_name":"Point process","level":2,"score":0.35025838017463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34342777729034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24340054392814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13390129804611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11744257807731628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08559903502464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217353","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 31st Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/8f8176b6-1e38-44f7-8179-37ef13c58067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/8f8176b6-1e38-44f7-8179-37ef13c58067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/23651","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2299/23651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/23653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2299/23653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/23658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2299/23658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71969449","https://openalex.org/W838780744","https://openalex.org/W1640112328","https://openalex.org/W2084304524","https://openalex.org/W2106612364","https://openalex.org/W2118166339","https://openalex.org/W2120686080","https://openalex.org/W2133685514","https://openalex.org/W2147056723","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2593893328","https://openalex.org/W2607478241","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2782501944","https://openalex.org/W2912369344","https://openalex.org/W2924818594","https://openalex.org/W2964181991","https://openalex.org/W3004382263","https://openalex.org/W3099905582","https://openalex.org/W3102684176","https://openalex.org/W4206136358","https://openalex.org/W4212953210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591746957","https://openalex.org/W4252323550","https://openalex.org/W2065735671","https://openalex.org/W2964313726","https://openalex.org/W3007555197","https://openalex.org/W4362659870","https://openalex.org/W3033996344","https://openalex.org/W2010129028","https://openalex.org/W2061819184","https://openalex.org/W2535507092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"increasing":[1],"demand":[2],"for":[3,40,83,146],"green":[4],"wireless":[5],"communications":[6],"and":[7,76,112,126],"the":[8,11,26,41,72,99,108,113,121,129,133],"benefits":[9],"of":[10,29,107],"promising":[12],"cell-free":[13],"(CF)":[14],"massive":[15],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[16],"(mMIMO)":[17],"systems":[18,136],"towards":[19],"their":[20,48,58],"optimal":[21,100],"energy":[22,134],"efficiency":[23],"(EE)":[24],"are":[25],"focal":[27],"points":[28,43],"this":[30],"work.":[31],"Specifically,":[32],"despite":[33],"previous":[34],"works":[35],"assuming":[36],"a":[37,51,68,78],"uniform":[38],"placement":[39],"access":[42],"(APs),":[44],"we":[45,66,87,118,141],"consider":[46],"that":[47,117],"locations":[49],"follow":[50],"Poisson":[52],"point":[53],"process":[54],"(PPP)":[55],"which":[56],"approaches":[57],"opportunistic":[59],"spatial":[60],"randomness.":[61],"Based":[62],"on":[63,71],"stochastic":[64],"geometry,":[65],"derive":[67],"lower":[69],"bound":[70],"average":[73],"spectral":[74],"efficiency,":[75],"under":[77],"realistic":[79],"power":[80],"consumption":[81],"model":[82],"CF":[84,148],"mMIMO":[85,149],"systems,":[86],"formulate":[88],"an":[89],"EE":[90,101,122,130],"maximization":[91],"problem":[92],"achieving":[93],"to":[94,131],"obtain":[95],"in":[96,105,135],"closed":[97],"form":[98],"per":[102,123],"unit":[103,124],"area":[104,125],"terms":[106],"pilot":[109],"reuse":[110],"factor":[111],"AP":[114],"density.":[115],"Note":[116],"have":[119],"defined":[120],"not":[127],"just":[128],"characterize":[132],"with":[137],"multi-point":[138],"transmission.":[139],"Thus,":[140],"provide":[142],"important":[143],"design":[144],"insights":[145],"energy-efficient":[147],"systems.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
