{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014697836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217051","title":"Multi-Agent Deep Stochastic Policy Gradient for Event Based Dynamic Spectrum Access","display_name":"Multi-Agent Deep Stochastic Policy Gradient for Event Based Dynamic Spectrum Access","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014697836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217051","mag":"3014697836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217051","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 31st Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.02656","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060023455","display_name":"Rahif Kassab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0637-5060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahif Kassab","raw_affiliation_strings":["King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","King\u2019s College London,King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab,London,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s College London,King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062222447","display_name":"Apostolos Destounis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0420-3430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apostolos Destounis","raw_affiliation_strings":["King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","King\u2019s College London,King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab,London,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s College London,King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031923941","display_name":"Dimitrios Tsilimantos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1154-499X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Tsilimantos","raw_affiliation_strings":["King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","King\u2019s College London,King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab,London,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s College London,King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056145687","display_name":"M\u00e9rouane Debbah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8941-8080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merouane Debbah","raw_affiliation_strings":["King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","King\u2019s College London,King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab,London,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s College London,King\u2019s Communications, Learning & Information Processing (KCLIP) Lab,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8024595975875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7299269437789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.7081671953201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.671352744102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6461820602416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5109450221061707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.495748370885849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.49553048610687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4677087664604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4416748881340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3627374768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33262109756469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22686445713043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.21865665912628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.20042148232460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10265317559242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10057809948921204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8024595975875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7299269437789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.7081671953201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.671352744102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6461820602416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5109450221061707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.495748370885849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.49553048610687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4677087664604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4416748881340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3627374768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33262109756469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22686445713043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.21865665912628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.20042148232460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10265317559242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10057809948921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc48278.2020.9217051","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 31st Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.02656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.02656","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.02656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3014697836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.02656.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2004.02656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2004.02656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.02656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.02656","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.02656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3014697836.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3014697836.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549313761","https://openalex.org/W1565540568","https://openalex.org/W1614027603","https://openalex.org/W2015992795","https://openalex.org/W2099388379","https://openalex.org/W2108659721","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2150847784","https://openalex.org/W2153620960","https://openalex.org/W2169926276","https://openalex.org/W2422021507","https://openalex.org/W2885261985","https://openalex.org/W2898754723","https://openalex.org/W2906875993","https://openalex.org/W2910313091","https://openalex.org/W2922273628","https://openalex.org/W2957405790","https://openalex.org/W2962938178","https://openalex.org/W2963079995","https://openalex.org/W2963407617","https://openalex.org/W2963658727","https://openalex.org/W2976523269","https://openalex.org/W2983432303","https://openalex.org/W3103604572","https://openalex.org/W6738796088","https://openalex.org/W6765477798","https://openalex.org/W6846392434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069933156","https://openalex.org/W320072655","https://openalex.org/W2028451759","https://openalex.org/W2404992691","https://openalex.org/W178507822","https://openalex.org/W2107787961","https://openalex.org/W3140540371","https://openalex.org/W2425397263","https://openalex.org/W2128882795","https://openalex.org/W2778701322","https://openalex.org/W2896085047","https://openalex.org/W647993925","https://openalex.org/W2131672914","https://openalex.org/W2803491821","https://openalex.org/W2981968673","https://openalex.org/W3029325105","https://openalex.org/W2938879494","https://openalex.org/W2117871609","https://openalex.org/W1907824377","https://openalex.org/W3047400685"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,119],"consider":[1,101],"the":[2,59,65,71,88,93,102,105,111,115,140,157,165,179],"dynamic":[3],"spectrum":[4],"access":[5,139,176],"(DSA)":[6],"problem":[7],"where":[8,28,67],"K":[9],"Internet":[10],"of":[11,44,104,110,114,131,149],"Things":[12],"(IoT)":[13],"devices":[14,69,91],"compete":[15],"for":[16],"T":[17],"time":[18,55,73,147],"slots":[19],"constituting":[20],"a":[21,54,75,121,128],"frame.":[22],"Devices":[23],"collectively":[24],"monitor":[25],"M":[26],"events":[27,47],"each":[29],"event":[30,52,62,95,108],"could":[31],"be":[32],"monitored":[33,46],"by":[34,142],"multiple":[35,68,175],"IoT":[36],"devices.":[37],"Each":[38],"device,":[39],"when":[40],"at":[41],"least":[42],"one":[43],"its":[45],"is":[48,160],"active,":[49],"picks":[50],"an":[51],"and":[53,78,146,168,178],"slot":[56],"to":[57,86,138,162],"transmit":[58,97],"corresponding":[60],"active":[61],"information.":[63],"In":[64,84],"case":[66],"select":[70],"same":[72,94],"slot,":[74],"collision":[76],"occurs":[77],"all":[79],"transmitted":[80],"packets":[81],"are":[82],"discarded.":[83],"order":[85],"capture":[87],"fact":[89],"that":[90,156],"observing":[92],"may":[96],"redundant":[98],"information,":[99],"we":[100,154],"maximization":[103],"average":[106],"sum":[107],"rate":[109],"system":[112],"instead":[113],"classical":[116],"frame":[117,141],"throughput.":[118],"propose":[120],"multi-agent":[122],"reinforcement":[123],"learning":[124],"approach":[125,159],"based":[126],"on":[127],"stochastic":[129],"version":[130],"Multi-Agent":[132],"Deep":[133,183],"Deterministic":[134],"Policy":[135],"Gradient":[136],"(MADDPG)":[137],"exploiting":[143],"device-level":[144],"correlation":[145,148],"events.":[150],"Through":[151],"numerical":[152],"simulations,":[153],"show":[155],"proposed":[158],"able":[161],"efficiently":[163],"exploit":[164],"aforementioned":[166],"correlations":[167],"outperforms":[169],"benchmark":[170],"solutions":[171],"such":[172],"as":[173],"standard":[174],"protocols":[177],"widely":[180],"used":[181],"Independent":[182],"Q-Network":[184],"(IDQN)":[185],"algorithm.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
