{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2907729645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2018.8580840","title":"Large Scale Crowd Density Estimation Using a sub-GHz Wireless Sensor Network","display_name":"Large Scale Crowd Density Estimation Using a sub-GHz Wireless Sensor Network","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2907729645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2018.8580840","mag":"2907729645"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2018.8580840","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2018.8580840","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 29th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061063879","display_name":"Stijn Denis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6447-6935"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stijn Denis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Engineering, IDLab, Antwerp, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Engineering, IDLab, Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017565613","display_name":"Rafael Berkvens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-5020"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Berkvens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Engineering, IDLab, Antwerp, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Engineering, IDLab, Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009091359","display_name":"Ben Bellekens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2698-8128"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Bellekens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Engineering, IDLab, Antwerp, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Engineering, IDLab, Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086566274","display_name":"Maarten Weyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-6617"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maarten Weyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Engineering, IDLab, Antwerp, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Engineering, IDLab, Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061063879"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8357,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.795467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"849","last_page":"855"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7357072830200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6854538917541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5509891510009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.4921521544456482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.49029305577278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.47536057233810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.46578922867774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.45697033405303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.45487886667251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.42902517318725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4280921220779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3631677031517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3333972692489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1741669774055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10762608051300049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7357072830200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6854538917541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5509891510009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.4921521544456482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.49029305577278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.47536057233810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.46578922867774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.45697033405303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.45487886667251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.42902517318725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4280921220779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3631677031517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3333972692489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1741669774055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10762608051300049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2018.8580840","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2018.8580840","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 29th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975282432","https://openalex.org/W2000581537","https://openalex.org/W2008025584","https://openalex.org/W2108611194","https://openalex.org/W2137494381","https://openalex.org/W2141056905","https://openalex.org/W2147124620","https://openalex.org/W2151034334","https://openalex.org/W2158634074","https://openalex.org/W2164692160","https://openalex.org/W2169316853","https://openalex.org/W2170589361","https://openalex.org/W2264245550","https://openalex.org/W2311814464","https://openalex.org/W2346191743","https://openalex.org/W2467547022","https://openalex.org/W2553757902","https://openalex.org/W2560305784","https://openalex.org/W2741951120","https://openalex.org/W2754621623","https://openalex.org/W2765186128","https://openalex.org/W2769956795","https://openalex.org/W6744612296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W426968574","https://openalex.org/W2365639220","https://openalex.org/W2382520895","https://openalex.org/W2393709043","https://openalex.org/W2080567403","https://openalex.org/W2539387137","https://openalex.org/W2374952201","https://openalex.org/W2374808384","https://openalex.org/W2385449752","https://openalex.org/W2619844325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"crowd":[1,18,43,136],"density":[2,137],"estimation":[3],"can":[4,54],"be":[5],"very":[6],"useful":[7],"for":[8,149],"a":[9,42,49,56,64,79,87,94,121,139,147,151],"multitude":[10],"of":[11,33,41,48,89,97,133,145],"applications":[12],"such":[13,150],"as":[14],"traffic":[15],"control":[16,19],"or":[17],"systems":[20],"during":[21,104],"large-scale":[22],"events.":[23],"Classic":[24],"camera-based":[25],"setups":[26],"have":[27],"several":[28],"shortcomings,":[29],"the":[30,36,105,112,129,135,143],"most":[31],"notorious":[32],"which":[34,45,101],"is":[35,131],"privacy":[37],"issue.":[38],"The":[39],"use":[40,47],"estimator":[44],"makes":[46],"wireless":[50,71],"sensor":[51,72],"network":[52,73,113],"(WSN)":[53],"provide":[55],"potential":[57],"solution":[58],"to":[59],"this":[60],"problem.":[61],"We":[62],"deployed":[63],"sub-GHz":[65],"(433":[66],"MHz":[67],"&":[68],"868":[69],"MHz)":[70],"in":[74],"an":[75],"indoor":[76],"stage":[77],"at":[78],"music":[80],"festival.":[81],"Visual":[82],"validation":[83],"was":[84],"established":[85],"by":[86,111,120],"team":[88],"volunteers":[90],"who":[91],"manually":[92],"analyzed":[93],"large":[95],"set":[96],"low-quality":[98],"camera":[99],"images":[100],"were":[102,114],"taken":[103],"event.":[106],"Next,":[107],"RSS":[108],"measurements":[109],"obtained":[110],"classified":[115],"into":[116],"different":[117],"density-based":[118],"categories":[119],"simple":[122],"probabilistic":[123],"neural":[124],"network.":[125],"Results":[126],"indicate":[127],"that":[128],"system":[130],"capable":[132],"estimating":[134],"with":[138],"high":[140],"accuracy,":[141],"proving":[142],"feasibility":[144],"using":[146],"WSN":[148],"task.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}