{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2907269937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2018.8580725","title":"Performance Gains of Three-Dimensional MIMO Antenna Structures","display_name":"Performance Gains of Three-Dimensional MIMO Antenna Structures","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2907269937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2018.8580725","mag":"2907269937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2018.8580725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2018.8580725","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 29th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010962141","display_name":"Samer Henry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9796-6589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samer Henry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090013872","display_name":"Ahmed Alsohaily","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Alsohaily","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109433489","display_name":"E.S. Sousa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elvino Sousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38 901","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.594097375869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5895206928253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.5799899101257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omnidirectional-antenna","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","score":0.5340734124183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5221079587936401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.46913501620292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.4436260759830475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.36070212721824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3576350212097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2951301336288452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.20488804578781128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.594097375869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5895206928253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.5799899101257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.5340734124183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5221079587936401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.46913501620292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4436260759830475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.36070212721824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3576350212097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2951301336288452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.20488804578781128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2018.8580725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2018.8580725","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 29th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574976090","https://openalex.org/W1645827502","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2023535408","https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W2048629421","https://openalex.org/W2077441589","https://openalex.org/W2096927504","https://openalex.org/W2100615096","https://openalex.org/W2113958770","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2137999817","https://openalex.org/W2146400449","https://openalex.org/W2155072837","https://openalex.org/W2168764826","https://openalex.org/W2564272990","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W4254169510","https://openalex.org/W6662344319"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W4200145345","https://openalex.org/W2112785353","https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W1561113522","https://openalex.org/W1495906304","https://openalex.org/W4390496060","https://openalex.org/W1520753245","https://openalex.org/W2529849760","https://openalex.org/W3013692990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,44,93,97],"face":[3],"rising":[4],"traffic":[5],"demands":[6],"and":[7,16,27,35,52,73,125],"reduce":[8],"the":[9,63,79,85,95,104],"rigid":[10],"requirements":[11],"for":[12,56,78,110,123],"antenna":[13,18,39,49,76,91,106,113],"array":[14,92],"design":[15],"operation,":[17],"placement":[19,40,67],"geometry":[20],"is":[21,118],"being":[22,31],"embraced":[23],"by":[24],"multiple":[25],"automotive":[26],"cellular":[28],"companies.":[29],"Despite":[30],"supported":[32],"in":[33,71,120],"IMT2020":[34],"3GPP":[36],"standards,":[37],"MIMO":[38,58,69],"has":[41],"been":[42],"limited":[43],"two":[45],"dimensional":[46],"arrays,":[47],"restricting":[48],"orientation":[50],"flexibility":[51],"lack":[53],"of":[54,65,68,103],"scalability":[55],"Multi-user":[57],"capabilities.":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61],"highlights":[62],"benefits":[64],"arbitrary":[66],"elements":[70],"3D":[72],"introduces":[74],"reconfigurable":[75],"structures":[77],"base":[80],"station":[81],"as":[82,84,88],"well":[83],"UE,":[86],"represented":[87],"a":[89],"vehicular":[90,112],"expand":[94],"technology":[96],"Internet-of-Things":[98],"(IoT)":[99],"devices.":[100],"The":[101],"parameters":[102],"patch":[105],"used":[107],"are":[108],"outlined":[109],"novel":[111],"structures.":[114],"A":[115],"40%":[116],"improvement":[117],"observed":[119],"user":[121],"throughput":[122],"urban":[124],"suburban":[126],"areas":[127],"over":[128],"typical":[129],"2D":[130],"grid":[131],"arrays.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}