{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2786257931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292644","title":"User positioning by exploring MIMO measurements with particle swarm optimization","display_name":"User positioning by exploring MIMO measurements with particle swarm optimization","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2786257931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292644","mag":"2786257931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292644","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102027193","display_name":"Zhenyu Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4489-7975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100640580","display_name":"Yi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5721-776X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102027193"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1433,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5445005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8090113401412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.726318895816803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6576891541481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5914056897163391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5388296842575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-function","display_name":"Fitness function","score":0.4707435071468353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-gain","display_name":"Diversity gain","score":0.45012593269348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.44193264842033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.36465293169021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.357069730758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32185643911361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3215559124946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31610244512557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2591904401779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18200331926345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.13462293148040771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.0857570469379425}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8090113401412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.726318895816803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6576891541481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5914056897163391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5388296842575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176066374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629118","display_name":"Fitness function","level":3,"score":0.4707435071468353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164785522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283966","display_name":"Diversity gain","level":4,"score":0.45012593269348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.44193264842033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36465293169021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.357069730758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32185643911361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3215559124946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31610244512557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2591904401779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18200331926345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.13462293148040771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.0857570469379425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292644","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120350100","https://openalex.org/W2124216931","https://openalex.org/W2135401627","https://openalex.org/W2139386984","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2543580944","https://openalex.org/W2768730153","https://openalex.org/W2786405562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059045613","https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W4200145345","https://openalex.org/W2112785353","https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W1561113522","https://openalex.org/W1495906304","https://openalex.org/W1993205288","https://openalex.org/W4390496060","https://openalex.org/W2028879858"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"new":[3],"positioning":[4,17],"schemes":[5],"with":[6,92],"multiple-input":[7],"multiple-output":[8],"(MIMO)":[9],"measurements":[10,15,77],"are":[11,58],"proposed.":[12],"The":[13,86],"MIMO":[14,76],"for":[16,56],"consist":[18],"of":[19,21,47,74,96,99],"time":[20],"arrivals":[22],"(TOAs)":[23],"from":[24],"multiple":[25,30],"antennas":[26,31],"at":[27,32,111],"transmitter":[28],"to":[29,40,148],"receiver.":[33],"Particle":[34],"swarm":[35],"optimization":[36],"(PSO)":[37],"is":[38,89,113,146],"applied":[39],"search":[41],"the":[42,48,71,75,83,93,97,108,119,127,131,139,143,149],"best":[43],"position":[44],"in":[45],"terms":[46],"fitness":[49,54],"function":[50],"on":[51],"MIMO-TOA.":[52],"Two":[53],"functions":[55],"PSO":[57],"presented:":[59],"an":[60],"optimal":[61,128,132],"scheme":[62,121,133],"and":[63,103],"a":[64],"suboptimal":[65,120,140],"scheme.":[66],"Simulation":[67],"results":[68],"show":[69],"that":[70],"diversity":[72],"gain":[73],"can":[78,122,134],"be":[79],"fully":[80],"exploited":[81],"by":[82],"two":[84],"schemes.":[85],"estimation":[87],"error":[88],"reduced":[90],"linearly":[91],"square":[94],"root":[95],"multiplication":[98],"transmit":[100],"antenna":[101,105,109,144],"number":[102],"receive":[104],"number.":[106],"When":[107],"spacing":[110,145],"receiver":[112],"much":[114],"smaller":[115],"than":[116,138],"measurement":[117,150],"errors,":[118],"achieve":[123],"comparable":[124,147],"performance":[125,137],"as":[126],"scheme,":[129],"whereas":[130],"deliver":[135],"better":[136],"one":[141],"when":[142],"errors.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
