{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2785366314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292599","title":"Hybrid optical/RF backhauling for 5G networks","display_name":"Hybrid optical/RF backhauling for 5G networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2785366314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292599","mag":"2785366314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292599","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019428658","display_name":"Mohammed Almekhlafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-8518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. H. Almekhlafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Electrical Communications Dept., Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Electrical Communications Dept., Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002806452","display_name":"Ahmed S. Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6206-6625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed S. Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept., Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept., Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082551668","display_name":"Yasmine Fahmy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9796-7813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. A. Fahmy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Electrical Communications Dept., Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Electrical Communications Dept., Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102912766","display_name":"Hany M. ElSayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-2238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. M. Elsayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept., Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept., Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101676931","display_name":"Mohamed M. Khairy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9198-138X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. M. Khairy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Electrical Communications Dept., Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Electrical Communications Dept., Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019428658"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.43,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67165596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.8695088028907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6997455358505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.62516188621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.6192678213119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.516751229763031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4619389772415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4346829950809479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22324207425117493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.8695088028907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6997455358505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.62516188621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.6192678213119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.516751229763031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4619389772415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4346829950809479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22324207425117493}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292599","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W972130887","https://openalex.org/W1586237741","https://openalex.org/W1787083097","https://openalex.org/W1966116390","https://openalex.org/W1982892759","https://openalex.org/W1987084466","https://openalex.org/W2001534290","https://openalex.org/W2042018868","https://openalex.org/W2068708686","https://openalex.org/W2093658179","https://openalex.org/W2110087288","https://openalex.org/W2116673134","https://openalex.org/W2130384422","https://openalex.org/W2137734857","https://openalex.org/W2145845226","https://openalex.org/W2158519440","https://openalex.org/W2161537399","https://openalex.org/W2409774153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3118170786","https://openalex.org/W3183520589","https://openalex.org/W2119321652","https://openalex.org/W2120114434","https://openalex.org/W1990598748","https://openalex.org/W2290782212","https://openalex.org/W2541885365","https://openalex.org/W3140573905","https://openalex.org/W2357446907","https://openalex.org/W1967881792"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Backhaul":[0],"technologies":[1,4,18],"include":[2,16],"traditional":[3],"such":[5,19],"as":[6,20],"Radio":[7],"Frequency":[8],"(RF)":[9],"or":[10,25,53],"Optical":[11,23],"Fibers":[12],"(OF)":[13],"backhauls":[14],"and":[15,74,80,129],"new":[17],"Free":[21],"Space":[22],"(FSO)":[24],"hybrid":[26,54],"RF/FSO":[27,55],"backhauls.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"aims":[31],"to":[32,95,115],"improve":[33],"the":[34,47,59,68,78,87,91,107,117,120,132,144],"network":[35],"connectivity":[36,63,93,109,118,149],"by":[37],"adding":[38],"a":[39,111,135,147],"limited":[40],"number":[41],"of":[42,50,82,89,99,110,119],"OF":[43],"links":[44,57],"along":[45],"with":[46],"wireless":[48],"connections":[49],"RF,":[51],"FSO":[52],"backhaul":[56,100],"between":[58],"small":[60],"cells.":[61],"The":[62,102],"is":[64,106,113,134],"improved":[65],"while":[66],"satisfying":[67],"minimum":[69],"data":[70],"rate":[71],"(R)":[72],"constraint":[73],"taking":[75],"into":[76],"consideration":[77],"cost":[79,127],"reliability":[81],"different":[83,97],"links.":[84],"We":[85,122],"address":[86],"problem":[88,133],"maximizing":[90],"algebraic":[92,108],"due":[94],"inserting":[96],"types":[98],"technologies.":[101],"Fiedler":[103],"value,":[104],"which":[105],"graph,":[112],"used":[114],"measure":[116],"network.":[121],"show":[123,141],"that":[124],"under":[125],"realistic":[126],"assumption":[128],"linear":[130],"relaxation,":[131],"convex":[136],"optimization":[137],"problem.":[138],"Simulation":[139],"results":[140],"that,":[142],"using":[143],"proposed":[145],"solution,":[146],"high":[148],"can":[150],"be":[151],"achieved.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
