{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2785648464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292183","title":"Wireless technology identification using deep Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Wireless technology identification using deep Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2785648464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292183","mag":"2785648464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292183","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013086118","display_name":"Naim Bitar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8906-7791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87208437","display_name":"University of Tulsa","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn28048","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naim Bitar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437","https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067932317","display_name":"Siraj Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-0210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87208437","display_name":"University of Tulsa","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn28048","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siraj Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437","https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079246454","display_name":"Hazem H. Refai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9137-9594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87208437","display_name":"University of Tulsa","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn28048","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hazem H. Refai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437","https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013086118"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664","https://openalex.org/I87208437"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9004,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.949854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9562000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7817150950431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7154368162155151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6241856813430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6183571815490723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5002555847167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.49521270394325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47809359431266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.46754756569862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45509952306747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4413136839866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4410795271396637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.4220467805862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.42131394147872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42120304703712463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25171616673469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1969635784626007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7817150950431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7154368162155151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6241856813430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6183571815490723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5002555847167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.49521270394325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47809359431266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.46754756569862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45509952306747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4413136839866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4410795271396637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.4220467805862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.42131394147872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42120304703712463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25171616673469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1969635784626007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292183","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1641742760","https://openalex.org/W1990126219","https://openalex.org/W2002561285","https://openalex.org/W2028499920","https://openalex.org/W2034739620","https://openalex.org/W2074855078","https://openalex.org/W2145634022","https://openalex.org/W2149039144","https://openalex.org/W2153954448","https://openalex.org/W2155886813","https://openalex.org/W2159924734","https://openalex.org/W2162721555","https://openalex.org/W2234163201","https://openalex.org/W2248378417","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2988428285","https://openalex.org/W3101287485","https://openalex.org/W3138798301","https://openalex.org/W6631190155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W4239573465","https://openalex.org/W4247054955","https://openalex.org/W2781250772","https://openalex.org/W4238568346","https://openalex.org/W3039417855","https://openalex.org/W2386719076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,17,44,52,67,83],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,12,29,36,46,54,71,99,128],"wireless":[4,57,157],"technologies":[5],"and":[6,21,69,90,140,147,163],"ever-increasing":[8],"growth":[9],"in":[10,31,126],"Internet":[11],"Things":[13],"(IoT)":[14],"devices":[15,143],"operating":[16],"license-free":[18],"Industrial,":[19],"Scientific,":[20],"Medical":[22],"(ISM)":[23],"band,":[24],"intelligent":[25],"access":[26],"systems":[27],"capable":[28],"coexisting":[30,56,142],"crowded":[32],"spectrum":[33],"regions":[34],"are":[35,88],"vital":[37],"importance.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"work":[41],"we":[42],"study":[43],"adaptation":[45],"Convolutional":[47],"Neural":[48],"Networks":[49],"(CNNs)":[50],"to":[51,65,109,133,154],"problem":[53],"identifying":[55,141],"devices.":[58],"We":[59],"develop":[60],"a":[61,91,96],"machine":[62],"learning":[63],"conduit":[64],"facilitate":[66],"detection":[68,162],"identification":[70,164],"frequency":[72],"domain":[73],"signatures":[74],"for":[75,95,138],"802.x":[76],"standard":[77,113],"compliant":[78],"technologies.":[79],"Spectrum":[80],"scans":[81],"across":[82],"entire":[84],"ISM":[85],"region":[86],"(80-MHz)":[87],"recorded":[89],"data-driven":[92],"training":[93],"process":[94],"wide":[97],"range":[98],"Signal-to-Noise":[100],"Ratios":[101],"(SNRs)":[102],"is":[103,107],"completed.":[104],"Model":[105],"accuracy":[106],"compared":[108],"that":[110],"attained":[111],"using":[112],"feature":[114],"based":[115],"classification":[116,129],"methods.":[117],"Results":[118],"indicate":[119],"CNN":[120],"models":[121],"outperform":[122],"their":[123],"counterpart":[124],"methods":[125],"terms":[127],"accuracy,":[130],"connoting":[131],"them":[132],"be":[134],"highly":[135],"effective":[136],"tools":[137],"detecting":[139],"despite":[144],"acute":[145],"overlap":[146],"interference":[148],"presence.":[149],"The":[150],"proposed":[151],"approach":[152],"aims":[153],"advance":[155],"cognitive":[156],"awareness":[158],"by":[159],"enhancing":[160],"automatic":[161],"accuracy.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-02-15T05:58:04.055770","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
