{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2562764869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2016.7794982","title":"A hybrid indoor positioning algorithm based on WiFi fingerprinting and pedestrian dead reckoning","display_name":"A hybrid indoor positioning algorithm based on WiFi fingerprinting and pedestrian dead reckoning","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2562764869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2016.7794982","mag":"2562764869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2016.7794982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2016.7794982","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017509557","display_name":"Qian Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4816-7697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qian Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, R.P. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, R.P. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047134574","display_name":"Xuewen Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8273-7019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuewen Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education Key Lab For Intelligent Networks, Network Security of Xi'an Jiaotong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Lab For Intelligent Networks, Network Security of Xi'an Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102873158","display_name":"Shulin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8936-4140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shulin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, R.P. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, R.P. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101589681","display_name":"Wei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5966-9206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017509557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9277314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.8708546757698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-reckoning","display_name":"Dead reckoning","score":0.7784351110458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7635689973831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.5930333137512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5849802494049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.5290535688400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5266361236572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.5088684558868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.4748035967350006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4482908844947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.441053181886673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.37154093384742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.2855446934700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.28056615591049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12219598889350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12072411179542542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.8708546757698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106165642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152255","display_name":"Dead reckoning","level":3,"score":0.7784351110458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7635689973831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.5930333137512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5849802494049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.5290535688400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5266361236572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.5088684558868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.4748035967350006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4482908844947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.441053181886673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.37154093384742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2855446934700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.28056615591049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12219598889350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12072411179542542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2016.7794982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2016.7794982","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1610399724","https://openalex.org/W1648186999","https://openalex.org/W1677531452","https://openalex.org/W1965100359","https://openalex.org/W1981373725","https://openalex.org/W2006328507","https://openalex.org/W2026041271","https://openalex.org/W2049970029","https://openalex.org/W2062956715","https://openalex.org/W2080616066","https://openalex.org/W2080721642","https://openalex.org/W2086797287","https://openalex.org/W2089405576","https://openalex.org/W2101821914","https://openalex.org/W2143243918","https://openalex.org/W2278572312","https://openalex.org/W2540757198","https://openalex.org/W6672935410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162739572","https://openalex.org/W2075052916","https://openalex.org/W3014281740","https://openalex.org/W2538316715","https://openalex.org/W4232278518","https://openalex.org/W2114873732","https://openalex.org/W2565593064","https://openalex.org/W2484194961","https://openalex.org/W2621353408","https://openalex.org/W2800970815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"WiFi":[0,13,25,74,102,150],"fingerprinting":[1,26,75,103,151],"method":[2,8,42],"is":[3,92,107,142],"an":[4],"attractive":[5],"indoor":[6],"positioning":[7,27,80,114,128,195],"due":[9],"to":[10,77,96,111,122],"widely":[11,49],"deployed":[12],"access":[14],"points":[15,86],"(APs)":[16],"and":[17,130,164,170,178,193],"easily":[18],"measured":[19],"received":[20],"signal":[21],"strength":[22],"(RSS).":[23],"However,":[24],"results":[28,115,129,154],"are":[29,83],"unstable":[30],"because":[31],"of":[32,35,101,116,149,160],"the":[33,98,113,117,123,126,131,145,157,182,187],"fluctuation":[34],"RSS.":[36],"Besides,":[37],"pedestrian":[38],"dead":[39],"reckoning":[40],"(PDR)":[41],"relying":[43],"on":[44,144],"inertial":[45],"sensors":[46],"has":[47,56],"been":[48],"used":[50],"in":[51,59,87,197],"real-time":[52],"tracking.":[53],"Since":[54],"PDR":[55,71,184],"accumulated":[57],"errors":[58,159],"long":[60],"distances":[61,124],"tracking,":[62],"this":[63],"paper":[64],"proposes":[65],"a":[66],"hybrid":[67,133,139,162,166],"algorithm":[68,140,163,167],"that":[69,156],"integrates":[70],"approach":[72,76],"with":[73,181],"further":[78],"improve":[79,137],"accuracy.":[81],"There":[82],"two":[84,119],"key":[85],"our":[88,138,161],"algorithm.":[89],"The":[90,105],"first":[91],"utilizing":[93],"dynamic":[94],"subarea":[95],"restrict":[97],"searching":[99],"region":[100],"method.":[104,152,185],"second":[106],"determining":[108],"particular":[109],"weights":[110],"fuse":[112],"above":[118],"approaches":[120],"according":[121],"between":[125],"current":[127],"previous":[132],"location.":[134],"Further,":[135],"we":[136],"which":[141,173],"based":[143],"adjacent":[146],"estimated":[147],"positions":[148],"Experiment":[153],"showed":[155],"average":[158],"improved":[165],"were":[168,174],"2.22m":[169],"1.64m":[171],"respectively,":[172],"reduced":[175],"by":[176],"42%":[177],"57%":[179],"compared":[180],"pure":[183],"Therefore,":[186],"proposed":[188],"algorithms":[189],"can":[190],"provide":[191],"stable":[192],"high":[194],"accuracy":[196],"real":[198],"environment.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
