{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2563551945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2016.7794877","title":"Energy and spectrum efficient user association in 5G heterogeneous networks","display_name":"Energy and spectrum efficient user association in 5G heterogeneous networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2563551945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2016.7794877","mag":"2563551945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2016.7794877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2016.7794877","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/102703","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057201765","display_name":"Agapi Mes\u03bfdiakaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9309-0524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43968019","display_name":"Karlstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s754026","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43968019"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agapi Mesodiakaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43968019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048146777","display_name":"Ferr\u00e1n Adelantado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9696-1169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138847295","display_name":"Universitat Oberta de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5wp925","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138847295"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferran Adelantado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138847295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012939726","display_name":"Angelos Antonopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-1080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelos Antonopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications Technological Centre of Catalonia (CTTC), Castelldefels, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Technological Centre of Catalonia (CTTC), Castelldefels, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079103817","display_name":"Luis Alonso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6608-0862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Alonso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Theory and Communications Department, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Castelldefels, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Theory and Communications Department, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Castelldefels, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016866376","display_name":"Christos Verikoukis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8774-1052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Verikoukis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications Technological Centre of Catalonia (CTTC), Castelldefels, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Technological Centre of Catalonia (CTTC), Castelldefels, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.782,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8673949,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8199047446250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.7516791224479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-cell","display_name":"Small cell","score":0.6658450365066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6017544269561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.590152382850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5823574066162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.5459174513816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.47337549924850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.46177753806114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.46103572845458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4447477459907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-architecture","display_name":"Network architecture","score":0.4438692629337311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4293859004974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-network","display_name":"Core network","score":0.4243730902671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.41779473423957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.3508926033973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.22789007425308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14681455492973328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09033003449440002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8199047446250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.7516791224479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179655311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7543020","display_name":"Small cell","level":3,"score":0.6658450365066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6017544269561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.590152382850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5823574066162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.5459174513816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.47337549924850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.46177753806114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.46103572845458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4447477459907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.4438692629337311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4293859004974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5038329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Core network","level":2,"score":0.4243730902671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.41779473423957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.3508926033973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.22789007425308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14681455492973328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09033003449440002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2016.7794877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2016.7794877","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/102703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/102703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.recercat.cat:2072/282517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/102703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402147","display_name":"RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:438992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Syposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Valencia (Spain), 4-7 September 2016","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.recercat.cat:2072/282517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/102703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402147","display_name":"RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74764174","https://openalex.org/W1547827494","https://openalex.org/W1923185876","https://openalex.org/W1973560162","https://openalex.org/W2057510455","https://openalex.org/W2070946155","https://openalex.org/W2102112553","https://openalex.org/W2143674017","https://openalex.org/W2149170915","https://openalex.org/W2158510188","https://openalex.org/W2484659212","https://openalex.org/W2502001573","https://openalex.org/W3099803135","https://openalex.org/W3105072513","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W4246219036","https://openalex.org/W6632856477","https://openalex.org/W6675290389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3184976846","https://openalex.org/W2016043591","https://openalex.org/W3133222151","https://openalex.org/W4281624428","https://openalex.org/W3092483817","https://openalex.org/W2950931348","https://openalex.org/W838780744","https://openalex.org/W1523033733","https://openalex.org/W4302133443","https://openalex.org/W2070946155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,7,28,54,155,162,180],"the":[2,10,19,29,55,86,101,107,115,119,135,142,150,182],"dense":[3],"small":[4,26,48],"cell":[5,49],"deployment":[6],"cope":[8],"with":[9],"increased":[11],"data":[12],"traffic":[13],"of":[14,24,114,122],"fifth":[15],"generation":[16],"(5G)":[17],"networks,":[18],"direct":[20],"backhaul":[21],"(BH)":[22],"connection":[23],"all":[25],"cells":[27],"core":[30],"network":[31,87,144],"becomes":[32],"challenging.":[33],"To":[34],"that":[35,83,149],"end,":[36],"millimeter":[37],"wave":[38],"(mmWave)":[39],"is":[40,126,153,178],"a":[41,73,129,173],"promising":[42],"solution":[43],"for":[44,68,92],"cost-efficient":[45],"high":[46,60],"capacity":[47,136],"BH":[50,76,146],"links.":[51,147],"However,":[52],"due":[53],"severe":[56],"signal":[57],"attenuation":[58],"at":[59,106],"frequencies,":[61],"mmWave":[62],"can":[63],"provide":[64],"good":[65],"coverage":[66],"only":[67],"short":[69],"distances,":[70],"thus":[71],"favoring":[72],"multi-hop":[74],"5G":[75],"architecture.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79,97],"context,":[80],"user":[81,89,102,120],"association":[82,103],"impacts":[84],"both":[85,140],"and":[88,110,137,145],"performance":[90],"calls":[91],"BH-aware":[93],"strategies.":[94],"Hence,":[95],"in":[96,141],"paper,":[98],"we":[99,158],"study":[100],"problem":[104,125,152],"aiming":[105],"joint":[108],"energy":[109,138],"spectrum":[111],"efficiency":[112],"maximization":[113],"network,":[116],"without":[117],"compromising":[118],"quality":[121],"service.":[123],"The":[124],"formulated":[127],"as":[128],"generalized":[130],"assignment":[131],"problem,":[132],"which":[133,177],"considers":[134],"consumption":[139],"access":[143],"Provided":[148],"considered":[151],"shown":[154,179],"be":[156],"NP-hard,":[157],"employ":[159],"optimization":[160],"techniques":[161],"obtain":[163],"an":[164],"upper":[165],"bound":[166],"on":[167],"system":[168],"performance.":[169,187],"We":[170],"also":[171],"propose":[172],"low":[174],"complexity":[175],"algorithm,":[176],"outperform":[181],"state-of-the-art":[183],"while":[184],"achieving":[185],"near-optimal":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
