{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963360352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2014.7136418","title":"Two-tier spatial modeling of base stations in cellular networks","display_name":"Two-tier spatial modeling of base stations in cellular networks","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963360352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2014.7136418","mag":"2963360352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2014.7136418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2014.7136418","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 25th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communication (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100698861","display_name":"Yifan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2898-0632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036831868","display_name":"Zhifeng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5479-7890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073869748","display_name":"Qianlan Ying","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianlan Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014842979","display_name":"Rongpeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-5060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongpeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057214714","display_name":"Xuan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3022-4430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626780","display_name":"Honggang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-1364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102475099","display_name":"Sup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/00n7gwn90","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102475099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126425946","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Europ\u00e9enne de Bretagne","ror":"https://ror.org/033c46s90","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126425946"]}],"countries":["CN","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honggang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Universit\u00e9 Europ\u00e9enne de Bretagne & Sup\u00e9lec, Cesson-S\u00e9vign\u00e9 Cedex, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Europ\u00e9enne de Bretagne & Sup\u00e9lec, Cesson-S\u00e9vign\u00e9 Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126425946","https://openalex.org/I102475099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100698861"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4861,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97210572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1570","last_page":"1574"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11830","display_name":"Point processes and geometric inequalities","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11830","display_name":"Point processes and geometric inequalities","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrocell","display_name":"Macrocell","score":0.9813452363014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcell","display_name":"Microcell","score":0.8463891744613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7596043348312378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.6925867795944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6702173948287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-process","display_name":"Point process","score":0.655977189540863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.49288392066955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.4871782660484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-point-process","display_name":"Poisson point process","score":0.4728451371192932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4358904957771301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.35355985164642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1120617687702179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778291847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163937","display_name":"Macrocell","level":3,"score":0.9813452363014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158314712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1177092","display_name":"Microcell","level":2,"score":0.8463891744613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7596043348312378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.6925867795944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6702173948287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88871306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208287","display_name":"Point process","level":2,"score":0.655977189540863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.49288392066955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.4871782660484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16757284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145117","display_name":"Poisson point process","level":3,"score":0.4728451371192932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4358904957771301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35355985164642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1120617687702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2014.7136418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2014.7136418","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 25th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communication (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.717.2069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.717.2069","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.rongpeng.info/files/Paper_ZYFPIMRC2014.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.750.4132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.750.4132","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1404.1142.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1800519929","https://openalex.org/W1818937361","https://openalex.org/W2018753932","https://openalex.org/W2056581292","https://openalex.org/W2058279460","https://openalex.org/W2064620236","https://openalex.org/W2109830484","https://openalex.org/W2118166339","https://openalex.org/W2127337238","https://openalex.org/W2145873277","https://openalex.org/W2149170915","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2167353407","https://openalex.org/W2169714917","https://openalex.org/W2963121780","https://openalex.org/W2990868538","https://openalex.org/W3105072513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225274345","https://openalex.org/W2591746957","https://openalex.org/W4252323550","https://openalex.org/W2065735671","https://openalex.org/W2964313726","https://openalex.org/W4362659870","https://openalex.org/W2010129028","https://openalex.org/W2238117203","https://openalex.org/W3007555197","https://openalex.org/W2061819184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Poisson":[0],"Point":[1],"Process":[2],"(PPP)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"adopted":[7],"as":[8,106],"an":[9],"efficient":[10],"model":[11,113],"for":[12,40,117,132],"the":[13,59,123,141,163,175,191],"spatial":[14,68,112,194],"distribution":[15],"of":[16,61,84,114,125,178,199],"base":[17],"stations":[18],"(BSs)":[19],"in":[20,66,89,128,189],"cellular":[21,43,90],"networks.":[22,91],"However,":[23],"real":[24],"BSs":[25,50,88,115,146,182],"deployment":[26,116],"are":[27],"rarely":[28],"completely":[29],"random,":[30],"due":[31],"to":[32,47,52],"environmental":[33],"impact":[34],"on":[35,70],"actual":[36],"site":[37],"planning.":[38],"Particularly,":[39],"multi-tier":[41],"heterogeneous":[42],"networks,":[44],"operators":[45],"have":[46],"place":[48],"different":[49,67],"according":[51],"local":[53],"coverage":[54],"and":[55,58,86,98,103,149,180,196],"capacity":[56],"requirement,":[57],"diversity":[60],"BSs'":[62],"functions":[63,198],"may":[64],"result":[65],"patterns":[69],"each":[71,118],"networking":[72],"tier.":[73,119],"In":[74],"this":[75],"paper,":[76],"we":[77,109,121,138],"consider":[78],"a":[79,186],"two-tier":[80],"scenario":[81],"that":[82,140],"consists":[83],"macrocell":[85,145,179],"microcell":[87,181],"By":[92],"analyzing":[93],"these":[94],"two":[95],"tiers":[96],"separately":[97],"applying":[99],"both":[100],"classical":[101],"statistics":[102],"network":[104],"performance":[105],"evaluation":[107],"metrics,":[108],"obtain":[110],"accurate":[111],"Basically,":[120],"verify":[122],"inaccuracy":[124],"using":[126],"PPP":[127],"BS":[129],"locations":[130],"modeling":[131],"either":[133],"macrocells":[134],"or":[135],"microcells.":[136],"Specifically,":[137],"find":[139],"first":[142],"tier":[143],"with":[144,174],"is":[147],"dispersed":[148],"can":[150],"be":[151],"precisely":[152],"modelled":[153],"by":[154],"Strauss":[155],"point":[156],"process,":[157],"while":[158],"Matern":[159],"cluster":[160],"process":[161],"captures":[162],"second":[164],"tier's":[165],"aggregation":[166],"nature":[167],"very":[168],"well.":[169],"These":[170],"statistical":[171],"models":[172],"coincide":[173],"inherent":[176],"properties":[177],"respectively,":[183],"thus":[184],"providing":[185],"new":[187],"perspective":[188],"understanding":[190],"relationship":[192],"between":[193],"structure":[195],"operational":[197],"BSs.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
