{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2068853632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2013.6666097","title":"Experimental validation of fog models for FSO under laboratory controlled conditions","display_name":"Experimental validation of fog models for FSO under laboratory controlled conditions","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2068853632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2013.6666097","mag":"2068853632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2013.6666097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2013.6666097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101791108","display_name":"Muhammad Ijaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0050-9435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ijaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontical Communications Research Group, Northumbria University, UK","Opt. Commun. Res. Group, Northumbria Univ., Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontical Communications Research Group, Northumbria University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Opt. Commun. Res. Group, Northumbria Univ., Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009712820","display_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Ghassemlooy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontical Communications Research Group, Northumbria University, UK","Opt. Commun. Res. Group, Northumbria Univ., Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontical Communications Research Group, Northumbria University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Opt. Commun. Res. Group, Northumbria Univ., Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"H. Le-minh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Le-minh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontical Communications Research Group, Northumbria University, UK","Opt. Commun. Res. Group, Northumbria Univ., Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontical Communications Research Group, Northumbria University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Opt. Commun. Res. Group, Northumbria Univ., Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078401803","display_name":"Stanislav Zv\u00e1novec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7902-2143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Zvanovec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Electromagnetic Field, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic","Dept. of Electromagn. Field, Czech Tech. Univ., Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Electromagnetic Field, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electromagn. Field, Czech Tech. Univ., Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032180870","display_name":"Joaqu\u00edn P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-3533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontical Communications Research Group, Northumbria University, UK","Opt. Commun. Res. Group, Northumbria Univ., Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontical Communications Research Group, Northumbria University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Opt. Commun. Res. Group, Northumbria Univ., Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054585830","display_name":"Ji\u0159\u00ed Pe\u0161ek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140744787","display_name":"University of Pardubice","ror":"https://ror.org/01chzd453","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140744787"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Pesek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics and Informatics, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic","Fac. of Electron. & Inf., Univ. of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics and Informatics, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140744787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Electron. & Inf., Univ. of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140744787"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012250465","display_name":"Ond\u0159ej Fi\u0161er","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8259-0611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147863","display_name":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/04vtzcr32","country_code":"CZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202391551","https://openalex.org/I4210147863"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Fiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst. of Atmtospheric Physics, Czech Republic","Inst. of Atmtospheric Phys., Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Atmtospheric Physics, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147863"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Atmtospheric Phys., Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147863"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"19","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11484","display_name":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.8544954061508179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.6810646653175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-model","display_name":"Atmospheric model","score":0.5236256718635559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.520525336265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-modelling","display_name":"Empirical modelling","score":0.515496551990509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5031604170799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-spectrum","display_name":"Visible spectrum","score":0.4723440408706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.46207574009895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.4535459280014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.453146755695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4388631582260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.37846267223358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.34007737040519714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3362691402435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2569679915904999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.19500747323036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.18341758847236633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09905382990837097}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.8544954061508179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.6810646653175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.5236256718635559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.520525336265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133199616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25386885","display_name":"Empirical modelling","level":2,"score":0.515496551990509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5031604170799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104663316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76299","display_name":"Visible spectrum","level":2,"score":0.4723440408706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.46207574009895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.4535459280014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.453146755695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4388631582260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.37846267223358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.34007737040519714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3362691402435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2569679915904999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.19500747323036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.18341758847236633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09905382990837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2013.6666097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2013.6666097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:asep.lib.cas.cz:CavUnEpca/0423551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0229696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055266","display_name":"ASEP","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:16216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/16216/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W214806434","https://openalex.org/W1503835506","https://openalex.org/W1653799561","https://openalex.org/W1825980438","https://openalex.org/W1964615133","https://openalex.org/W1971454131","https://openalex.org/W1973650110","https://openalex.org/W1983330672","https://openalex.org/W1991296651","https://openalex.org/W1992015201","https://openalex.org/W2025657495","https://openalex.org/W2052654223","https://openalex.org/W2089726438","https://openalex.org/W2094037588","https://openalex.org/W2108332638","https://openalex.org/W2129614417","https://openalex.org/W2140168059","https://openalex.org/W2141434114","https://openalex.org/W2165210288","https://openalex.org/W2348848302","https://openalex.org/W2995803492","https://openalex.org/W3151492251","https://openalex.org/W6681414198","https://openalex.org/W6704778336","https://openalex.org/W6794018820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001881550","https://openalex.org/W4307466823","https://openalex.org/W4323644463","https://openalex.org/W174954854","https://openalex.org/W2374479570","https://openalex.org/W3212839496","https://openalex.org/W2362925333","https://openalex.org/W1487975641","https://openalex.org/W2038016357","https://openalex.org/W2019126040"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"the":[5,39,69,73,90,98,121,131,137],"experimental":[6,87],"results":[7,88,116],"free":[8],"space":[9],"optics":[10],"(FSO)":[11],"communication":[12],"systems":[13],"operating":[14],"at":[15],"visible":[16,74],"and":[17,62],"near":[18,76],"infrared":[19,77],"wavelengths":[20],"(from":[21],"0.6":[22],"\u03bcm":[23],"to":[24,37,58,63,82,105],"1.6":[25],"\u03bcm)":[26],"under":[27],"fog":[28,32,40,52,84,93,101,122],"conditions.":[29,85],"Different":[30],"empirical":[31,51,100],"models":[33,53,102],"are":[34,54,95],"typically":[35],"used":[36],"characterize":[38],"attenuation":[41,123],"of":[42,50,113,120],"optical":[43],"beam":[44],"in":[45,56,89,103],"FSO":[46],"systems.":[47],"A":[48],"number":[49],"evaluated":[55],"order":[57,104],"verify":[59],"them":[60],"experimentally":[61],"fill":[64],"several":[65],"unmeasured":[66],"gaps":[67],"within":[68],"entire":[70],"spectrum":[71],"from":[72],"-":[75],"(NIR)":[78],"range":[79,112],"for":[80,124],"light":[81],"dense":[83],"The":[86,115],"controlled":[91],"laboratory":[92],"environment":[94],"compared":[96],"with":[97,133],"selected":[99],"practically":[106],"validate":[107],"their":[108],"performance":[109],"over":[110],"wide":[111],"wavelengths.":[114],"indicate":[117],"wavelength":[118],"dependency":[119],"visibilities":[125,135],"higher":[126],"than":[127],"15":[128],"m,":[129],"whereas":[130],"cases":[132],"shorter":[134],"contradict":[136],"Kim":[138],"model.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}