{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053259637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2012.6362872","title":"Intentional Forwarding: Providing reliable and real-time delivery in the presence of body shadowing in breadcrumb systems","display_name":"Intentional Forwarding: Providing reliable and real-time delivery in the presence of body shadowing in breadcrumb systems","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053259637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2012.6362872","mag":"2053259637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2012.6362872","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2012.6362872","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101920925","display_name":"Hengchang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0679-668X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengchang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","Computer Science Department, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA 22904"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA 22904","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111975259","display_name":"Zhiheng Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiheng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","Computer Science Department, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA 22904"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA 22904","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367209","display_name":"Jingyuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9384-9455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","Computer Science Department, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA 22904"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA 22904","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603760","display_name":"John A. Stankovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7307-9395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Stankovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","Computer Science Department, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA 22904"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA 22904","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000530436","display_name":"Pan Hui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6026-1083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093367","display_name":"Deutsche Telekom (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m8prc86","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093367"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58534130","display_name":"Deutsche Telekom (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00qxrgg46","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093367","https://openalex.org/I58534130"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Networking Group, Deutsche Telekom Research and Development Laboratories, Berlin, Germany","Networking Group, Deutsche Telekom Laboratories, Berlin, Germany 10587"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networking Group, Deutsche Telekom Research and Development Laboratories, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networking Group, Deutsche Telekom Laboratories, Berlin, Germany 10587","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58534130"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006810825","display_name":"David Siu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801975132","display_name":"Ocean Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03574zr06","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801975132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Siu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology Division, OCEANIT, Honolulu, HI, USA","Science and Technology Division, OCEANIT, Honolulu, HI, USA 96813"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology Division, OCEANIT, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801975132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology Division, OCEANIT, Honolulu, HI, USA 96813","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3631,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64166832,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"687","last_page":"692"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.8734759092330933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8031101226806641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.7351171374320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mapping","display_name":"Shadow mapping","score":0.6051352024078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5776764154434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5765752792358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5387751460075378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5085819959640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-loss","display_name":"Packet loss","score":0.4552863538265228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10051700472831726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.8734759092330933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8031101226806641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.7351171374320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.6051352024078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5776764154434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5765752792358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5387751460075378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5085819959640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.4552863538265228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10051700472831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2012.6362872","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2012.6362872","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.299.1004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.299.1004","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~stankovic/psfiles/IF.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-57500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=2166-9570&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.date=2012&rft.spage=687&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Hengc&rft.atitle=Intentional+Forwarding%3A+Providing+Reliable+and+Real-Time+Delivery+in+the+Presence+of+Body+Shadowing+in+Breadcrumb+Systems&rft.title=Proceeding+of+23rd+IEEE+Intenrational+Conference+on+Personal%2C+Indoor+and+Mobile+Radio+Communications+%28PIMRC2012%29%2C+Sydney%2C+Australia","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-57500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-57500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332664","display_name":"Science and Technology Directorate","ror":"https://ror.org/00jyr0d86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494471526","https://openalex.org/W1588829463","https://openalex.org/W1964350907","https://openalex.org/W1971433786","https://openalex.org/W1985183171","https://openalex.org/W2021539982","https://openalex.org/W2024788596","https://openalex.org/W2036966666","https://openalex.org/W2087040925","https://openalex.org/W2095971510","https://openalex.org/W2101981802","https://openalex.org/W2109139067","https://openalex.org/W2138079893","https://openalex.org/W2142649526","https://openalex.org/W7017143627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W2064303750","https://openalex.org/W4285042611","https://openalex.org/W1509300825","https://openalex.org/W3199712142","https://openalex.org/W2134402536"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"primary":[1],"goal":[2],"of":[3,58],"breadcrumb":[4,32],"trail":[5],"sensor":[6,64],"networks":[7],"is":[8,120],"to":[9,21,76,105,122,133,140],"transmit":[10],"in":[11],"real-time":[12,84,145],"users'":[13],"physiological":[14],"parameters":[15],"that":[16,70,117],"measure":[17,55],"life":[18],"critical":[19],"functions":[20],"an":[22],"incident":[23],"commander":[24],"through":[25],"reliable":[26],"multihop":[27],"communication.":[28],"In":[29,50],"applications":[30],"using":[31],"solutions,":[33],"there":[34],"are":[35],"often":[36],"many":[37],"users":[38],"working":[39],"together,":[40],"and":[41,80,101,135,142],"this":[42,51],"creates":[43],"a":[44,89,112],"well-known":[45],"body":[46,59,72,150],"shadowing":[47,60,73,99,151],"effect":[48,74],"(BSE).":[49],"paper,":[52],"we":[53,87],"first":[54],"the":[56,71,98,124],"characteristics":[57],"for":[61],"2.4":[62],"GHz":[63],"nodes.":[65],"Our":[66],"empirical":[67],"results":[68,110],"show":[69],"leads":[75],"severe":[77,149],"packet":[78,127],"loss,":[79],"consequently":[81],"very":[82],"poor":[83],"performance.":[85],"Then":[86],"develop":[88],"novel":[90],"Intentional":[91,118],"Forwarding":[92,119],"solution.":[93],"This":[94],"solution":[95],"accurately":[96],"detects":[97],"mode":[100],"enables":[102],"selected":[103],"neighbors":[104],"forward":[106],"data":[107],"packets.":[108],"Experimental":[109],"from":[111,131,138],"fully":[113],"implemented":[114],"testbed":[115],"demonstrate":[116],"able":[121],"improve":[123],"end-to-end":[125],"average":[126],"delivery":[128],"ratio":[129],"(PDR)":[130],"58%":[132],"93%":[134],"worst-case":[136],"PDR":[137],"45%":[139],"85%,":[141],"meet":[143],"soft":[144],"requirements":[146],"even":[147],"under":[148],"problems.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
