{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042821893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2012.6362768","title":"Improved heading estimation for smartphone-based indoor positioning systems","display_name":"Improved heading estimation for smartphone-based indoor positioning systems","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042821893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2012.6362768","mag":"2042821893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2012.6362768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2012.6362768","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103092615","display_name":"Won-Ho Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-6460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonho Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021357316","display_name":"Seongho Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-0301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongho Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083283486","display_name":"Youngnam Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-6161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngnam Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013018228","display_name":"Sookjin Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sookjin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2446,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97914644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2449","last_page":"2453"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heading","display_name":"Heading (navigation)","score":0.7836591005325317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7754980325698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7674741148948669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.7392957806587219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.6554117798805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyroscope","display_name":"Gyroscope","score":0.6520583629608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.650791347026825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.606353223323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.5733672380447388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5077908635139465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.5067728161811829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.44602033495903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-navigation-system","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","score":0.4351555109024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2630954384803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14278057217597961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11569136381149292}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776937971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4384217","display_name":"Heading (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.7836591005325317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7754980325698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7674741148948669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.7392957806587219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.6554117798805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158488048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400","display_name":"Gyroscope","level":2,"score":0.6520583629608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.650791347026825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.606353223323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.5733672380447388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5077908635139465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.5067728161811829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.44602033495903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128651787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570607","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","level":3,"score":0.4351555109024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2630954384803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14278057217597961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11569136381149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2012.6362768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2012.6362768","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1687995788","https://openalex.org/W1859343228","https://openalex.org/W2056427752","https://openalex.org/W2071077565","https://openalex.org/W2074614040","https://openalex.org/W2118975298","https://openalex.org/W2127493239","https://openalex.org/W2153195033","https://openalex.org/W2162343230","https://openalex.org/W2162555816","https://openalex.org/W2163965192","https://openalex.org/W2170999711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W189713034","https://openalex.org/W2755401669","https://openalex.org/W2552390423","https://openalex.org/W2583886250","https://openalex.org/W3204118479","https://openalex.org/W2899058086","https://openalex.org/W1926767291","https://openalex.org/W2306569468","https://openalex.org/W3126613916","https://openalex.org/W2903896792"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"positioning":[1,6,11,63,83,126],"systems":[2],"such":[3,72],"as":[4,73,159],"global":[5],"system":[7,12,127,155,162],"(GPS)":[8],"or":[9,20],"WiFi":[10],"(WPS)":[13],"are":[14,21],"limited":[15],"mainly":[16],"to":[17,85,114],"outdoor":[18],"applications":[19],"of":[22,35,41,125],"poor":[23],"accuracy":[24,103,172],"without":[25],"associated":[26],"maps.":[27],"Indoor":[28],"work":[29],"environment":[30],"where":[31],"one":[32],"spend":[33],"most":[34],"the":[36,122,178],"time":[37],"and":[38,76,90,140],"wide":[39],"adoption":[40],"smartphones":[42,68,168],"with":[43,70,102],"numerous":[44],"embedded":[45],"sensors":[46,71,93],"provide":[47],"new":[48],"opportunities":[49],"for":[50,138,163],"researches":[51],"on":[52,98,167,177],"indoor":[53,62,82,100,146],"user":[54],"positioning.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59],"present":[60],"an":[61],"scheme":[64],"using":[65],"recently":[66],"introduced":[67],"equipped":[69],"accelerometer,":[74],"magnetometer,":[75],"gyroscope.":[77],"We":[78,96,132],"propose":[79],"a":[80,129,160],"practical":[81,143],"method":[84],"handle":[86],"complicated":[87],"human":[88],"movements":[89],"noisy":[91],"inertial":[92],"in":[94,145],"smartphones.":[95],"focus":[97],"providing":[99,169],"locations":[101],"by":[104,118],"applying":[105],"improved":[106],"heading":[107,130],"estimation":[108],"solution.":[109],"The":[110,148],"key":[111],"concept":[112],"is":[113,128,156],"reduce":[115],"errors":[116],"caused":[117],"directional":[119],"change":[120],"since":[121],"critical":[123],"component":[124],"orientation.":[131],"have":[133],"simply":[134],"used":[135],"iPhone":[136],"4S":[137],"experiments":[139],"validated":[141],"its":[142],"usage":[144],"environments.":[147],"extensive":[149],"experimental":[150],"results":[151],"show":[152],"that":[153],"our":[154],"needily":[157],"applicable":[158],"fundamental":[161],"various":[164],"mobile":[165],"services":[166],"2.42":[170],"times":[171],"over":[173],"than":[174],"traditional":[175],"methods":[176],"average.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}