{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157864354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2009.5449757","title":"Clock synchronization for energy-constrained wireless sensor networks","display_name":"Clock synchronization for energy-constrained wireless sensor networks","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157864354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2009.5449757","mag":"2157864354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2009.5449757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2009.5449757","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067774888","display_name":"Wen\u2010Long Chin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5914-6253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Long Chin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053393225","display_name":"Jiun-Lin Tzen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiun-Lin Tzen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067774888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2132488,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1371","last_page":"1375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9591000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-skew","display_name":"Clock skew","score":0.8375574350357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.8195579051971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-clocking-signal","display_name":"Self-clocking signal","score":0.8034756183624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-clock-manager","display_name":"Digital clock manager","score":0.7875256538391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timing-failure","display_name":"Timing failure","score":0.7838460206985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-drift","display_name":"Clock drift","score":0.7502137422561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7286138534545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.720209538936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6412264704704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5454996824264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-delay","display_name":"Propagation delay","score":0.5358772277832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5221840739250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-domain-crossing","display_name":"Clock domain crossing","score":0.4799419045448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skew","display_name":"Skew","score":0.45938804745674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3188342750072479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-circuit","display_name":"Synchronous circuit","score":0.14310729503631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-signal","display_name":"Clock signal","score":0.14040040969848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.1357824206352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13371816277503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07403716444969177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60501442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4382014","display_name":"Clock skew","level":4,"score":0.8375574350357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.8195579051971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171051901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2389679","display_name":"Self-clocking signal","level":5,"score":0.8034756183624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113074038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276052","display_name":"Digital clock manager","level":5,"score":0.7875256538391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104654189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806740","display_name":"Timing failure","level":5,"score":0.7838460206985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155837451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069144","display_name":"Clock drift","level":5,"score":0.7502137422561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7286138534545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.720209538936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6412264704704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5454996824264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90806461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144416","display_name":"Propagation delay","level":2,"score":0.5358772277832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5221840739250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127204226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5134799","display_name":"Clock domain crossing","level":5,"score":0.4799419045448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43711488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534783","display_name":"Skew","level":2,"score":0.45938804745674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3188342750072479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42196554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186179","display_name":"Synchronous circuit","level":4,"score":0.14310729503631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.14040040969848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.1357824206352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13371816277503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07403716444969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2009.5449757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2009.5449757","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W296953449","https://openalex.org/W2018093989","https://openalex.org/W2094636498","https://openalex.org/W2096716342","https://openalex.org/W2098888469","https://openalex.org/W2101764391","https://openalex.org/W2105666891","https://openalex.org/W2138930109","https://openalex.org/W2141124405","https://openalex.org/W2143229717","https://openalex.org/W2148090257","https://openalex.org/W2168452204","https://openalex.org/W2170715240","https://openalex.org/W2283715726","https://openalex.org/W6675096799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2292909929","https://openalex.org/W2056489071","https://openalex.org/W2006392656","https://openalex.org/W2246178160","https://openalex.org/W2083095101","https://openalex.org/W1924044602","https://openalex.org/W2109520798","https://openalex.org/W1842357617","https://openalex.org/W1966845705","https://openalex.org/W2389820945"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,7,100],"the":[2,39,50,53,75,78,103],"ability":[3],"of":[4,57,92],"sensor":[5,15,29],"nodes":[6],"collaborate,":[8],"time":[9,41],"synchronization":[10,24,42],"is":[11],"essential":[12],"for":[13,26,70],"many":[14],"network":[16],"operations.":[17],"This":[18],"work":[19],"presents":[20],"a":[21,89],"novel":[22],"clock":[23,58,62,65,71,79],"method":[25,105],"energy-constrained":[27],"wireless":[28],"networks":[30],"(WSNs).":[31],"To":[32],"conserve":[33],"WSN":[34],"energy,":[35],"this":[36],"study":[37],"adopts":[38],"flooding":[40],"scheme":[43],"based":[44],"on":[45],"one-way":[46],"timing":[47],"messages.":[48],"Via":[49],"proposed":[51,76,104],"approach,":[52],"maximum-likelihood":[54],"(ML)":[55],"estimation":[56,83],"parameters,":[59],"such":[60],"as":[61],"skew":[63,80],"and":[64,81,95],"offset,":[66],"can":[67],"be":[68,86],"obtained":[69],"synchronization.":[72],"Additionally,":[73],"with":[74],"scheme,":[77],"offset":[82],"problem":[84,90],"will":[85],"transformed":[87],"into":[88],"independent":[91],"random":[93],"delay":[94],"propagation":[96],"delay.":[97],"In":[98],"addition":[99],"good":[101],"performance,":[102],"has":[106],"low":[107],"complexity.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}