{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105535560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2007.4394314","title":"A Novel Model-based Indoor Positioning using Signal Strength","display_name":"A Novel Model-based Indoor Positioning using Signal Strength","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105535560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2007.4394314","mag":"2105535560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2007.4394314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2007.4394314","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024047419","display_name":"Kamran Sayrafian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1395-7448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167249","display_name":"Network Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xnsth60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamran Sayrafian-Pour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Network Technologies Group, National Institute for Standards and Technology, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Network Technologies Group, National Institute for Standards and Technology, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045727415","display_name":"Dominik Kaspar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Kaspar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Protocol Engineering Center, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Protocol Engineering Center, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.8757721185684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7485545873641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.6418948769569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.6261726021766663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6067909002304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.53341144323349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5189871191978455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation","display_name":"Radio propagation","score":0.49306342005729675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.4887123107910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4652916193008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4436373710632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4308111369609833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.4250255227088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.424385666847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4185142517089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mapping","display_name":"Shadow mapping","score":0.4101334512233734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3975658416748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2785263657569885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2216465175151825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2189716100692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15514633059501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.08658933639526367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.8757721185684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7485545873641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.6418948769569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6261726021766663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6067909002304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.53341144323349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5189871191978455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.49306342005729675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.4887123107910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4652916193008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4436373710632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4308111369609833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.4250255227088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.424385666847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4185142517089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.4101334512233734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3975658416748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2785263657569885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2216465175151825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2189716100692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15514633059501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.08658933639526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2007.4394314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2007.4394314","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.210.6431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.210.6431","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://w3.antd.nist.gov/pubs/892-papers/PIMRC07-KS-DK-SignalStrength.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492221128","https://openalex.org/W1585491670","https://openalex.org/W1999542175","https://openalex.org/W2047461353","https://openalex.org/W2104875090","https://openalex.org/W2126152305","https://openalex.org/W2134347889","https://openalex.org/W2140653181","https://openalex.org/W2150470354","https://openalex.org/W2152810080","https://openalex.org/W2170102584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2538316715","https://openalex.org/W4226265128","https://openalex.org/W3202586576","https://openalex.org/W2063633615","https://openalex.org/W2095730207","https://openalex.org/W2918553796","https://openalex.org/W2968603122","https://openalex.org/W2155973971","https://openalex.org/W2939544085","https://openalex.org/W2383599958"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"simple":[1],"technique":[2],"to":[3,39,44,92,106,121],"estimate":[4,45],"the":[5,17,28,46,57,95,129,151,159],"position":[6,47],"of":[7,30,48,100,156],"a":[8,12,23,49,52,71,110,123,142],"mobile":[9,50],"node":[10],"inside":[11,51],"building":[13,168],"is":[14,68,80],"based":[15],"on":[16],"received":[18],"signal":[19],"strength":[20],"(RSS).":[21],"In":[22,133],"previous":[24],"publication,":[25],"we":[26,136],"investigated":[27],"feasibility":[29],"using":[31],"circular":[32],"array":[33],"antennas":[34],"and":[35,86,97,140,167,174],"beamforming":[36],"in":[37,70,94,158],"order":[38],"enable":[40],"an":[41],"access":[42],"point":[43],"building.":[53],"The":[54,162],"approach":[55],"utilized":[56],"two":[58],"dimensional":[59],"information":[60],"(i.e.":[61],"RSS":[62],"for":[63,153,164],"various":[64,165],"azimuth":[65],"directions)":[66],"that":[67,126,146],"captured":[69],"priori":[72],"measured":[73],"radio":[74,78,124],"map.":[75],"Generating":[76],"these":[77],"maps":[79],"not":[81],"only":[82],"extremely":[83],"labor-":[84],"intensive":[85],"time":[87],"consuming":[88],"but":[89],"also":[90],"sensitive":[91],"changes":[93],"environment":[96],"possible":[98],"source":[99],"interference.":[101],"It":[102],"would":[103],"be":[104,119,172],"interesting":[105],"find":[107],"out":[108],"if":[109],"deterministic":[111],"propagation":[112],"model":[113,169],"such":[114],"as":[115],"ray":[116],"tracing":[117],"can":[118],"used":[120],"construct":[122],"map":[125],"effectively":[127],"replaces":[128],"off-line":[130,160],"manual":[131],"measurements.":[132],"this":[134,138],"paper,":[135],"investigate":[137],"issue":[139],"provide":[141],"novel":[143],"positioning":[144],"methodology":[145],"exhibits":[147],"acceptable":[148],"performance":[149,163],"without":[150],"need":[152],"extensive":[154],"set":[155],"measurements":[157],"mode.":[161],"parameters":[166],"accuracy":[170],"will":[171],"presented":[173],"discussed.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
