{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080293575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2005.1651796","title":"A Seamless Tracking Solution for Indoor and Outdoor Position Location Invited Paper","display_name":"A Seamless Tracking Solution for Indoor and Outdoor Position Location Invited Paper","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080293575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2005.1651796","mag":"2080293575"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2005.1651796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2005.1651796","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069942721","display_name":"Kesh Bakhru","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146376","display_name":"Applied Defense Solutions (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/048f9kd86","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146376"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099397","display_name":"Cubic (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017pe7554","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099397"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Bakhru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cubic Defense Applications, San Diego, CA, USA","Cubic Defense Applications, San Diego, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cubic Defense Applications, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146376","https://openalex.org/I4210099397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cubic Defense Applications, San Diego, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146376","https://openalex.org/I4210099397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069942721"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099397","https://openalex.org/I4210146376"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3761,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6566528,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"2029","last_page":"2033"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.860806941986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.7284499406814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7125959396362305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-lightweight-gps-receiver","display_name":"Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver","score":0.6972519159317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6568934321403503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.5075405836105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.4997847080230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.49732664227485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.4910309314727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.4744751751422882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.4702295958995819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-reckoning","display_name":"Dead reckoning","score":0.4693661034107208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-navigation-system","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","score":0.4187206029891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.32286784052848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.23903173208236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17329680919647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1732531189918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1581365168094635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-frame-of-reference","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","score":0.13943752646446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1340741515159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-receiver","display_name":"Gps receiver","score":0.12594887614250183}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.860806941986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.7284499406814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7125959396362305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190234968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239523","display_name":"Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver","level":5,"score":0.6972519159317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6568934321403503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.5075405836105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.4997847080230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.49732664227485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.4910309314727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.4744751751422882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.4702295958995819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106165642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152255","display_name":"Dead reckoning","level":3,"score":0.4693661034107208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128651787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570607","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","level":3,"score":0.4187206029891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.32286784052848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.23903173208236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17329680919647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1732531189918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1581365168094635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.13943752646446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1340741515159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987779331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486497","display_name":"Gps receiver","level":4,"score":0.12594887614250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2005.1651796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2005.1651796","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13525743","https://openalex.org/W122450923","https://openalex.org/W2096157747","https://openalex.org/W2098635592","https://openalex.org/W2111125870","https://openalex.org/W2120186858","https://openalex.org/W2130945928","https://openalex.org/W2155995366","https://openalex.org/W2160337655","https://openalex.org/W2165801332","https://openalex.org/W2182725653","https://openalex.org/W6676420124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W189713034","https://openalex.org/W2552390423","https://openalex.org/W2755401669","https://openalex.org/W3204118479","https://openalex.org/W2903896792","https://openalex.org/W2899058086","https://openalex.org/W1926767291","https://openalex.org/W2144194782","https://openalex.org/W2306569468","https://openalex.org/W2583886250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,151],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"various":[3,47,170],"techniques":[4,51,191],"that":[5],"have":[6,52,62],"emerged":[7],"for":[8,59,84,128,199,205],"estimation":[9],"of":[10,14,101,105,133,153,189],"location":[11],"and":[12,16,40,44],"tracking":[13,164],"stationary":[15],"mobile":[17],"objects":[18],"both":[19],"in":[20,87,146,166,186,201,208],"the":[21,88,131,141,149,187],"open":[22],"terrain":[23,210],"as":[24,26,109],"well":[25],"inside":[27],"a":[28,74,98,160,194],"building.":[29],"For":[30,42,65],"outdoor":[31],"applications,":[32],"Global":[33],"Positioning":[34],"System":[35],"(GPS)":[36],"has":[37,93,156],"proven":[38],"reliable":[39],"accurate.":[41],"urban":[43,209],"indoor":[45,60,89,142],"applications":[46,61],"RF":[48],"based":[49,139],"ranging/positioning":[50],"been":[53,63,94,157],"investigated.":[54],"Recently":[55],"modifications":[56],"to":[57,80,126,158,192],"GPS":[58,70,83,90],"proposed.":[64],"example,":[66],"network":[67],"assisted":[68],"-":[69],"(A-GPS)":[71],"provides":[72],"via":[73],"cellular":[75],"data":[76,168],"link,":[77],"additional":[78],"ephemeris":[79],"stand":[81],"alone":[82],"aiding.":[85],"Increase":[86],"receiver":[91],"sensitivity":[92],"proposed":[95],"by":[96],"providing":[97],"large":[99],"number":[100,104],"correlators.":[102],"A":[103],"other":[106],"sensors":[107,171],"such":[108],"inertial":[110],"measurement":[111],"unit":[112],"(IMU),":[113],"enhanced":[114],"dead":[115],"reckoning":[116],"devices,":[117],"miniature":[118],"or":[119,178],"micro":[120],"electromechanical":[121],"systems":[122,204],"(MEMS)":[123],"could":[124],"come":[125],"aid":[127],"durations":[129],"following":[130],"loss":[132],"GPS.":[134],"In":[135],"addition":[136],"path":[137],"constraints":[138],"on":[140],"environment":[143],"may":[144,172],"assist":[145],"determining":[147],"accurately":[148],"position.":[150],"objective":[152],"our":[154],"research":[155],"provide":[159],"seamless,":[161],"sensor":[162],"fused":[163],"system":[165,198],"which":[167],"from":[169],"be":[173],"processed":[174],"using":[175],"Kalman":[176],"filters":[177],"more":[179],"general":[180],"particle":[181],"filtering":[182],"algorithms.":[183],"Interest":[184],"is":[185],"applicability":[188],"these":[190],"develop":[193],"military":[195,206],"soldier":[196],"wearable":[197],"use":[200],"combat":[202],"training":[203],"operations":[207],"(MOUT)":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
