{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1499544424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2004.1370934","title":"Ad hoc wireless networks with mobile backbones","display_name":"Ad hoc wireless networks with mobile backbones","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1499544424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2004.1370934","mag":"1499544424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2004.1370934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2004.1370934","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8754)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074882369","display_name":"I. Rubin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I. Rubin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026161252","display_name":"A. Behzad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Behzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA","Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111983615","display_name":"Huei-jiun Ju","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huei-Jiun Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108518462","display_name":"R. Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA","Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048992008","display_name":"Xiaolong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1174-7148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA","Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026897230","display_name":"YongFang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA","Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065445689","display_name":"Rima Khalaf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Khalaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA","Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California (UCLA) Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074882369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7099,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96314012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"566","last_page":"573"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8401278257369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.8301743268966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backbone-network","display_name":"Backbone network","score":0.6655755043029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.6108389496803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5965681076049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5477893948554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-mesh-network","display_name":"Wireless mesh network","score":0.4560707211494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.4443865120410919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4386565089225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-quality-of-service-multi-hop-routing","display_name":"Adaptive quality of service multi-hop routing","score":0.42914527654647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","score":0.42471790313720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4218176603317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimized-link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","score":0.40750885009765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.3711758255958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3288431763648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.15377488732337952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8401278257369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.8301743268966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88796919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Backbone network","level":2,"score":0.6655755043029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.6108389496803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5965681076049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5477893948554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31548570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453712","display_name":"Wireless mesh network","level":4,"score":0.4560707211494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.4443865120410919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4386565089225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32244324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680755","display_name":"Adaptive quality of service multi-hop routing","level":5,"score":0.42914527654647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91280400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.42471790313720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4218176603317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204739117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368373","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.40750885009765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.3711758255958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3288431763648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.15377488732337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2004.1370934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2004.1370934","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8754)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1757708442","https://openalex.org/W2100652143","https://openalex.org/W2107324356","https://openalex.org/W2130793797","https://openalex.org/W2136416063","https://openalex.org/W2142867834","https://openalex.org/W2144341292","https://openalex.org/W2148361752","https://openalex.org/W2153814502","https://openalex.org/W2154570806","https://openalex.org/W2160167963","https://openalex.org/W2160918102","https://openalex.org/W2164122433","https://openalex.org/W6674914144","https://openalex.org/W6679503456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119353649","https://openalex.org/W2018081577","https://openalex.org/W2338447260","https://openalex.org/W2037221185","https://openalex.org/W988902895","https://openalex.org/W1991933941","https://openalex.org/W2374155884","https://openalex.org/W2122887292","https://openalex.org/W2749079590","https://openalex.org/W2293776035"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,21,116,146,175,207],"introduce":[1,81,117,170],"an":[2,141],"ad":[3],"hoc":[4],"wireless":[5],"mobile":[6,76],"network":[7,39,78,100,130],"that":[8,27,51,126],"employs":[9],"a":[10,23,29,37,75,82,110,118,158],"hierarchical":[11],"networking":[12,89,114],"architecture":[13],"and":[14,17,45,59,69,108,199,213,217],"uses":[15],"high":[16,32],"low":[18],"capacity":[19,33],"nodes.":[20],"present":[22,176,208],"topological":[24],"synthesis":[25],"algorithm":[26],"selects":[28],"subset":[30],"of":[31,47,63,121,134,187,195,200,210],"nodes":[34,50],"to":[35,85,95,101,139,156],"form":[36],"backbone":[38,49,77,129],"(Bnet).":[40],"The":[41,91],"latter":[42],"is":[43],"multi-tiered":[44],"consists":[46],"interconnected":[48],"intercommunicate":[52],"across":[53,98],"higher":[54],"power":[55,178],"(or":[56],"regular)":[57],"links,":[58],"also":[60,109],"makes":[61],"use":[62,127,194],"unmanned":[64],"vehicles,":[65],"both":[66],"airborne":[67],"(UAV)":[68],"ground":[70],"based":[71,182,202],"(UGV).":[72],"For":[73],"such":[74],"(MBN),":[79],"we":[80,169],"protocol,":[83],"MBNP,":[84],"implement":[86],"the":[87,99,128,188,193,211,219,223],"key":[88,214],"schemes.":[90],"MBNP":[92,224],"system":[93],"serves":[94],"allocate":[96],"resources":[97,191],"ensure":[102,163],"acceptable":[103],"user":[104],"application":[105],"QoS":[106],"performance,":[107],"highly":[111],"robust":[112,159],"backbone-oriented":[113],"architecture.":[115],"new":[119,149,177],"class":[120],"on-demand":[122],"(MBNP-OD)":[123],"routing":[124,160],"algorithms":[125,183],"for":[131,166,184],"selective":[132],"forwarding":[133],"route-request":[135],"messages,":[136],"while":[137],"striving":[138],"achieve":[140],"efficient":[142,185],"MAC":[143,190],"layer":[144],"operation.":[145,161],"enhance":[147],"these":[148],"protocols":[150],"by":[151,222],"incorporating":[152],"link":[153],"stability":[154],"estimates":[155],"attain":[157],"To":[162],"service":[164],"quality":[165],"admitted":[167],"flows,":[168],"flow":[171],"admission":[172],"control":[173,179],"mechanisms.":[174],"spatial":[180],"reuse":[181],"utilization":[186],"net":[189],"through":[192],"time":[196],"slot":[197],"allocations":[198],"CSMA/CA":[201],"(IEEE":[203],"802.11":[204],"type)":[205],"protocols.":[206],"elements":[209],"protocol":[212],"involved":[215],"algorithms,":[216],"illustrate":[218],"advantages":[220],"offered":[221],"system.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}