{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1608935074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2004.1368377","title":"The impact of highly reflective ceilings on wireless systems in occupied open plan offices","display_name":"The impact of highly reflective ceilings on wireless systems in occupied open plan offices","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1608935074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2004.1368377","mag":"1608935074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2004.1368377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2004.1368377","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8754)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002509586","display_name":"D.C.K. Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.C.K. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications Research Cluster, Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Auckland Univ., New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Research Cluster, Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Auckland Univ., New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023739602","display_name":"K.W. Sowerby","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.W. Sowerby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications Research Cluster, Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Auckland Univ., New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Research Cluster, Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Auckland Univ., New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050941198","display_name":"M.J. Neve","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7803-4089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.J. Neve","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications Research Cluster, Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Auckland Univ., New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Research Cluster, Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Auckland Univ., New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06930306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"2146","last_page":"2150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ceiling","display_name":"Ceiling (cloud)","score":0.9199013113975525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.6663591861724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6473496556282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6419153213500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6021568775177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.5666738748550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.4983680248260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.4567289650440216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.44040486216545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mapping","display_name":"Shadow mapping","score":0.4386414885520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-of-sight","display_name":"Line-of-sight","score":0.42938217520713806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floor-plan","display_name":"Floor plan","score":0.41482013463974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.36954015493392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.35668081045150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.19488173723220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18908315896987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1123562753200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.1106787919998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0851370096206665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777489069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589822","display_name":"Ceiling (cloud)","level":2,"score":0.9199013113975525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.6663591861724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6473496556282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6419153213500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6021568775177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.5666738748550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4983680248260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.4567289650440216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.44040486216545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.4386414885520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780928442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553027","display_name":"Line-of-sight","level":2,"score":0.42938217520713806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61056293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18965","display_name":"Floor plan","level":2,"score":0.41482013463974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36954015493392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.35668081045150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.19488173723220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18908315896987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1123562753200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.1106787919998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0851370096206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pimrc.2004.1368377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2004.1368377","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8754)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1857104351","https://openalex.org/W2014161185","https://openalex.org/W2117480536","https://openalex.org/W2137092591","https://openalex.org/W2167628412","https://openalex.org/W6677453793"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306950403","https://openalex.org/W22721396","https://openalex.org/W2253573804","https://openalex.org/W4300167711","https://openalex.org/W2806700348","https://openalex.org/W2963347964","https://openalex.org/W1994455657","https://openalex.org/W2168752585","https://openalex.org/W2982213597","https://openalex.org/W2988991102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Improving":[0],"the":[1,23,35,49,56,69,77,96,106,109,116,119,136],"reliability":[2],"and":[3,30,125],"coverage":[4],"of":[5,22,45,79,108,123],"indoor":[6],"wireless":[7],"systems":[8],"is":[9,99],"an":[10,19,81],"important":[11],"design":[12],"goal.":[13],"A":[14,121],"highly":[15],"reflective":[16],"ceiling":[17,47,111],"creates":[18],"elevated":[20],"image":[21],"access":[24],"point,":[25],"which":[26],"delivers":[27],"a":[28,42,61,102],"strong":[29],"reliable":[31],"multipath":[32],"component":[33],"to":[34,55,74],"mobile":[36],"terminal.":[37],"Measurement":[38],"results":[39,127,137],"show":[40],"that":[41,129],"small":[43],"area":[44],"metallic":[46,110],"above":[48],"transmitter":[50],"can":[51,86,133],"provide":[52],"significant":[53],"enhancement":[54],"received":[57],"signal":[58],"power":[59],"across":[60],"large":[62],"room.":[63],"Experiments":[64],"with":[65,115],"human":[66,103],"bodies":[67],"obstructing":[68],"line-of-sight":[70,97],"path":[71,98],"were":[72],"performed":[73],"further":[75],"examine":[76],"effectiveness":[78,107],"such":[80],"architectural":[82],"modification.":[83],"The":[84],"improvement":[85],"be":[87],"as":[88,90],"high":[89],"6.5":[91],"dB":[92],"in":[93],"cases":[94],"where":[95],"obstructed":[100],"by":[101,139],"body.":[104],"Moreover,":[105],"does":[112],"not":[113],"diminish":[114],"distance":[117],"from":[118],"transmitter.":[120],"comparison":[122],"measured":[124],"simulated":[126],"shows":[128],"ray":[130],"tracing":[131],"simulation":[132],"adequately":[134],"approximate":[135],"observed":[138],"measurement":[140],"at":[141],"5.8":[142],"GHz.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}