{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395029274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomworkshops59983.2024.10503409","title":"Self-Balancing Semi-Hierarchical Payment Channel Networks for Central Bank Digital Currencies","display_name":"Self-Balancing Semi-Hierarchical Payment Channel Networks for Central Bank Digital Currencies","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395029274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomworkshops59983.2024.10503409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/percomworkshops59983.2024.10503409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomworkshops59983.2024.10503409","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events (PerCom Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013020489","display_name":"Marco Benedetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1525-6677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103737770","display_name":"Bank of Italy","ror":"https://ror.org/03v2nbx43","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Benedetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bank of Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bank of Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011271838","display_name":"Francesco De Sclavis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103737770","display_name":"Bank of Italy","ror":"https://ror.org/03v2nbx43","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco De Sclavis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bank of Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bank of Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013963601","display_name":"Marco Favorito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-3576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103737770","display_name":"Bank of Italy","ror":"https://ror.org/03v2nbx43","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Favorito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bank of Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bank of Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033481912","display_name":"Giuseppe Galano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3251-6606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103737770","display_name":"Bank of Italy","ror":"https://ror.org/03v2nbx43","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Galano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bank of Italy","University of Pisa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bank of Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048715847","display_name":"Sara Giammusso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9355-3416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103737770","display_name":"Bank of Italy","ror":"https://ror.org/03v2nbx43","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Giammusso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bank of Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bank of Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082253818","display_name":"Antonio Muci","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103737770","display_name":"Bank of Italy","ror":"https://ror.org/03v2nbx43","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Muci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bank of Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bank of Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081782028","display_name":"Matteo Nardelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9519-9387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103737770","display_name":"Bank of Italy","ror":"https://ror.org/03v2nbx43","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Nardelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bank of Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bank of Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013020489"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103737770"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.924017,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"530","last_page":"536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.8248999714851379,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.8248999714851379,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-currency","display_name":"Digital currency","score":0.6297436952590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.5440536737442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5117478370666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5053086876869202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3822358250617981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11123502254486084}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48220719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Digital currency","level":3,"score":0.6297436952590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.5440536737442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5117478370666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5053086876869202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3822358250617981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11123502254486084}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/percomworkshops59983.2024.10503409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomworkshops59983.2024.10503409","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events (PerCom Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086177939","https://openalex.org/W2766452458","https://openalex.org/W2908063057","https://openalex.org/W2964295450","https://openalex.org/W2969251831","https://openalex.org/W2979341164","https://openalex.org/W2999044884","https://openalex.org/W3046952735","https://openalex.org/W3169299913","https://openalex.org/W3206501640","https://openalex.org/W3216092475","https://openalex.org/W4306815774","https://openalex.org/W4308192654","https://openalex.org/W4312767382","https://openalex.org/W4313061330","https://openalex.org/W4313533506","https://openalex.org/W4384009616","https://openalex.org/W4384026545","https://openalex.org/W4387544193","https://openalex.org/W4389746693","https://openalex.org/W4391158705","https://openalex.org/W6672444331","https://openalex.org/W6757251477","https://openalex.org/W6781681853","https://openalex.org/W6840673970","https://openalex.org/W6846617683","https://openalex.org/W6848254522","https://openalex.org/W6861099099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,118],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,11,15,31,58,67,90,120,124],"family":[3,23],"of":[4,18,52,76,96,103,106,123],"PCNs":[5,107],"(Payment":[6],"Channel":[7],"Networks)":[8],"characterized":[9],"by":[10,134],"semi-hierarchical":[12],"topology":[13],"and":[14,54,60,142],"custom":[16],"set":[17],"channel":[19],"rebalancing":[20],"strategies.":[21],"This":[22],"exhibits":[24],"two":[25],"interesting":[26],"benefits,":[27],"if":[28],"used":[29],"as":[30,40,109],"platform":[32],"for":[33],"large-scale,":[34],"instant,":[35],"retail":[36,87],"payment":[37,137],"systems,":[38],"such":[39,108],"CBDCs":[41],"(Central":[42],"Bank":[43],"Digital":[44],"Currencies):":[45],"Technically,":[46],"the":[47,70,73,77,94,100,110,129,145],"solution":[48,71],"offers":[49],"state-of-the-art":[50],"guarantees":[51],"fault-tolerance":[53],"integrity,":[55],"while":[56],"providing":[57],"latency":[59],"throughput":[61],"comparable":[62],"to":[63,93],"centralized":[64],"systems;":[65],"from":[66],"business":[68],"perspective,":[69],"fits":[72],"3-tier":[74],"architecture":[75],"current":[78],"banking":[79],"ecosystem":[80],"(central":[81],"bank":[82],"/":[83,86],"commercial":[84],"banks":[85],"users),":[88],"assigning":[89],"pivotal":[91],"role":[92],"members":[95],"each":[97],"tier.":[98],"Furthermore,":[99],"cryptographic":[101],"privacy":[102],"payments\u2014":[104],"typical":[105],"public":[111],"Lightning":[112],"Network\u2014is":[113],"largely":[114],"(possibly":[115],"fully)":[116],"retained.":[117],"simulate":[119],"scaled-down":[121],"version":[122],"hypothetical":[125],"European":[126],"CBDC,":[127],"exploring":[128],"trade-offs":[130],"among":[131],"liquidity":[132],"locked":[133],"market":[135],"operators,":[136],"success":[138],"rate,":[139],"throughput,":[140],"latency,":[141],"load":[143],"on":[144],"underpinning":[146],"blockchain.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2024-04-24T00:00:00"}
