{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229049024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomworkshops53856.2022.9767420","title":"The Weak Supervision Landscape","display_name":"The Weak Supervision Landscape","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229049024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomworkshops53856.2022.9767420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/percomworkshops53856.2022.9767420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomworkshops53856.2022.9767420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608020","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events (PerCom Workshops)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events (PerCom Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083728763","display_name":"Rafael Poyiadzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Poyiadzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol,Intelligent Systems Lab,Bristol,UK","Intelligent Systems Lab, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol,Intelligent Systems Lab,Bristol,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Lab, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004524308","display_name":"Daniel Bacaicoa-Barber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-0679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Bacaicoa-Barber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Carlos III of Madrid,Signal Theory and Communications Dept.,Spain","Signal Theory and Communications Dept., Universidad Carlos III of Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Carlos III of Madrid,Signal Theory and Communications Dept.,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Theory and Communications Dept., Universidad Carlos III of Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030068883","display_name":"Jes\u00fas Cid\u2010Sueiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5243-5992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesus Cid-Sueiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Carlos III of Madrid,Signal Theory and Communications Dept.,Spain","Signal Theory and Communications Dept., Universidad Carlos III of Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Carlos III of Madrid,Signal Theory and Communications Dept.,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Theory and Communications Dept., Universidad Carlos III of Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022292656","display_name":"Miquel Perell\u00f3-Nieto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-424X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miquel Perello-Nieto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol,Intelligent Systems Lab,Bristol,UK","Intelligent Systems Lab, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol,Intelligent Systems Lab,Bristol,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Lab, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057936560","display_name":"Peter Flach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6857-5810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Flach","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol,Intelligent Systems Lab,Bristol,UK","Intelligent Systems Lab, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol,Intelligent Systems Lab,Bristol,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Lab, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028764929","display_name":"Ra\u00fal Santos\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9576-3905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raul Santos-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol,Intelligent Systems Lab,Bristol,UK","Intelligent Systems Lab, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol,Intelligent Systems Lab,Bristol,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Lab, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61770474,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"218","last_page":"223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8068890571594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.7157163023948669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.6719056963920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6243619918823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5527499914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48234957456588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4804953336715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4578610062599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.4520761966705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.33173638582229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.064537912607193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8068890571594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7157163023948669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.6719056963920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6243619918823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5527499914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48234957456588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4804953336715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4578610062599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.4520761966705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.33173638582229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.064537912607193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/percomworkshops53856.2022.9767420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomworkshops53856.2022.9767420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608020","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events (PerCom Workshops)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events (PerCom Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/0c17405e-ade3-4c90-b196-9179c864d148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/0c17405e-ade3-4c90-b196-9179c864d148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055359","display_name":"Explore Bristol Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Poyiadzi, R, Bacaicoa-Barber, D, Cid-Sueiro, J, Perello-Nieto, M, Flach, P & Santos-Rodriguez, R 2022, The Weak Supervision Landscape. in 2022 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events (PerCom Workshops). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 218-223. https://doi.org/10.1109/PerComWorkshops53856.2022.9767420","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7396137307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R005273/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7629027287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V024817/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174427690","https://openalex.org/W369786348","https://openalex.org/W1983320747","https://openalex.org/W2040271757","https://openalex.org/W2066903463","https://openalex.org/W2103284199","https://openalex.org/W2110119381","https://openalex.org/W2123933185","https://openalex.org/W2132786922","https://openalex.org/W2133288557","https://openalex.org/W2134510195","https://openalex.org/W2144372981","https://openalex.org/W2167460663","https://openalex.org/W2169336678","https://openalex.org/W2285559238","https://openalex.org/W2346728829","https://openalex.org/W2397353862","https://openalex.org/W2470315329","https://openalex.org/W2560886373","https://openalex.org/W2620395638","https://openalex.org/W2742033716","https://openalex.org/W2746791238","https://openalex.org/W2804975550","https://openalex.org/W2899867782","https://openalex.org/W2952133801","https://openalex.org/W3010987800","https://openalex.org/W3034744272","https://openalex.org/W3200608305","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W6607091552","https://openalex.org/W6679492716","https://openalex.org/W6679959949","https://openalex.org/W6681102160","https://openalex.org/W6705300606","https://openalex.org/W6720052853","https://openalex.org/W6738532226","https://openalex.org/W6780168146"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W2392921965","https://openalex.org/W2358755282","https://openalex.org/W2625833328","https://openalex.org/W1533177136","https://openalex.org/W4380994516","https://openalex.org/W2251519152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0,44],"ways":[1],"of":[2,23,33,45,52,145,150],"annotating":[3],"a":[4,73,110,143],"dataset":[5,87,111],"for":[6,75,109,125],"machine":[7,41,113],"learning":[8,42,114,127],"classification":[9],"tasks":[10],"that":[11,117,137,147],"go":[12],"beyond":[13],"the":[14,31,39,49,81,86,93,123,126,134,151,160,164],"usual":[15],"class":[16],"labels":[17,54],"exist":[18],"in":[19,159,171],"practice.":[20,172],"These":[21],"are":[22,66],"interest":[24],"as":[25],"they":[26],"can":[27],"simplify":[28],"or":[29,55,89],"facilitate":[30],"collection":[32],"annotations,":[34],"while":[35],"not":[36,60],"greatly":[37],"affecting":[38],"resulting":[40],"model.":[43],"these":[46],"fall":[47],"under":[48],"umbrella":[50],"term":[51],"weak":[53,77,97,139],"annotations.":[56],"However,":[57],"it":[58],"is":[59],"always":[61],"clear":[62],"how":[63,156],"different":[64],"alternatives":[65],"related.":[67],"In":[68],"this":[69,130],"paper":[70],"we":[71,118,132],"propose":[72],"framework":[74,165],"categorising":[76],"supervision":[78,98,140],"settings":[79,158],"with":[80],"aim":[82],"of:":[83],"(1)":[84],"helping":[85],"owner":[88],"annotator":[90],"navigate":[91],"through":[92],"available":[94],"options":[95],"within":[96,163],"when":[99],"prescribing":[100],"an":[101],"annotation":[102],"process,":[103],"and":[104,141,166],"(2)":[105],"describing":[106],"existing":[107,152],"annotations":[108],"to":[112,121],"practitioners":[115],"so":[116],"allow":[119],"them":[120],"understand":[122],"implications":[124],"process.":[128],"To":[129],"end,":[131],"identify":[133],"key":[135],"elements":[136],"characterise":[138],"devise":[142],"series":[144],"dimensions":[146],"categorise":[148],"most":[149],"approaches.":[153],"We":[154],"show":[155],"common":[157],"literature":[161],"fit":[162],"discuss":[167],"its":[168],"possible":[169],"uses":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
