{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943456024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2019.8730685","title":"Uncovering Security Vulnerabilities in the Belkin WeMo Home Automation Ecosystem","display_name":"Uncovering Security Vulnerabilities in the Belkin WeMo Home Automation Ecosystem","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943456024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2019.8730685","mag":"2943456024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/percomw.2019.8730685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2019.8730685","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/24322/1/Liu_2019_Uncovering_security_vulnerabilities_AAM.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444762","display_name":"Haoyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3755-5184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054308553","display_name":"Tom Spink","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7662-3146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Spink","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048279197","display_name":"Paul Patras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1037-0158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Patras","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100444762"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0523,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9265523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"894","last_page":"899"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7635705471038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7258663177490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.5930570363998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-automation","display_name":"Home automation","score":0.5232207775115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.42414969205856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.42172765731811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4197887182235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.41279181838035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.19406378269195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14030471444129944}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7635705471038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7258663177490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.5930570363998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507571656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848436","display_name":"Home automation","level":2,"score":0.5232207775115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.42414969205856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.42172765731811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4197887182235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.41279181838035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.19406378269195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14030471444129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/percomw.2019.8730685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2019.8730685","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/24322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10023/24322","pdf_url":"https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/24322/1/Liu_2019_Uncovering_security_vulnerabilities_AAM.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400230","display_name":"St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","host_organization_name":"University of St Andrews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/07de095c-79a0-4c18-a771-b3dd8a743a92","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/07de095c-79a0-4c18-a771-b3dd8a743a92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/24322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10023/24322","pdf_url":"https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/24322/1/Liu_2019_Uncovering_security_vulnerabilities_AAM.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400230","display_name":"St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","host_organization_name":"University of St Andrews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference item"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943456024.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943456024.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073342447","https://openalex.org/W2146752727","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2182112800","https://openalex.org/W2735927446","https://openalex.org/W2787467369","https://openalex.org/W2788819230","https://openalex.org/W3022385217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387918499","https://openalex.org/W2772112465","https://openalex.org/W4386360526","https://openalex.org/W2368710903","https://openalex.org/W2158905603","https://openalex.org/W2766105476","https://openalex.org/W2735171729","https://openalex.org/W2769254131","https://openalex.org/W2091556092","https://openalex.org/W2920603912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,43],"popularity":[1],"of":[2,19,45,54,60,90,99,152,194],"smart":[3,124],"home":[4,91],"devices":[5,51],"is":[6,52,86],"growing":[7],"as":[8,94],"consumers":[9],"begin":[10],"to":[11,15,73,76,122,137,168,181,201],"recognize":[12],"their":[13],"potential":[14],"improve":[16],"the":[17,23,58,88,105,116,127,139,142,145,150,183,203],"quality":[18],"domestic":[20],"life.":[21],"At":[22],"same":[24],"time,":[25],"serious":[26,77],"vulnerabilities":[27,204],"have":[28],"been":[29],"revealed":[30],"over":[31,144],"recent":[32],"years,":[33],"which":[34,173],"threaten":[35],"user":[36,155,184],"privacy":[37],"and":[38,126],"can":[39,163,176,198],"cause":[40],"financial":[41],"losses.":[42],"lack":[44],"appropriate":[46],"security":[47,102,195],"protections":[48],"in":[49,104,179],"these":[50],"thus":[53],"increasing":[55],"concern":[56],"for":[57],"Internet":[59],"Things":[61],"(IoT)":[62],"industry,":[63],"yet":[64],"manufacturers'":[65],"ongoing":[66],"efforts":[67],"remain":[68],"superficial.":[69],"Hence,":[70],"users":[71,121],"continue":[72],"be":[74,177,199],"exposed":[75],"weaknesses.":[78],"In":[79,109],"this":[80,85],"paper,":[81],"we":[82,95,111,190],"demonstrate":[83],"that":[84,119,197],"also":[87],"case":[89],"automation":[92],"applications,":[93],"uncover":[96],"a":[97,165,169,192],"set":[98,193],"previously":[100],"undocumented":[101],"issues":[103],"Belkin":[106],"WeMo":[107,132,170],"ecosystems.":[108],"particular,":[110],"first":[112],"reverse":[113],"engineer":[114],"both":[115],"mobile":[117],"app":[118],"enables":[120,135],"control":[123],"appliances":[125],"communication":[128,143],"logic":[129],"implemented":[130],"by":[131],"devices.":[133],"This":[134],"us":[136],"compromise":[138],"passphrase":[140],"guarding":[141],"local":[146],"wireless":[147],"network,":[148],"opening":[149],"possibility":[151],"eavesdropping":[153],"on":[154],"traffic.":[156],"We":[157],"further":[158],"reveal":[159],"how":[160],"an":[161],"attacker":[162],"present":[164],"fake":[166],"device":[167],"user,":[171],"through":[172],"cross-site":[174],"scripting":[175],"exploited":[178],"order":[180],"mislead":[182],"into":[185],"disclosing":[186],"private":[187],"information.":[188],"Lastly,":[189],"provide":[191],"guidelines":[196],"followed":[200],"remedy":[202],"identified.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-01-26T23:06:41.788003","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
