{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2896386896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2018.8480152","title":"Wi-Access: Second Factor User Authentication leveraging WiFi Signals","display_name":"Wi-Access: Second Factor User Authentication leveraging WiFi Signals","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2896386896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2018.8480152","mag":"2896386896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/percomw.2018.8480152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2018.8480152","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Wi-Access_Second_Factor_User_Authentication_leveraging_WiFi_Signals/20643447","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089148997","display_name":"Syed Wajid Ali Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5420-5499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed W. Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059077090","display_name":"Salil S. Kanhere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1835-3475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salil S. Kanhere","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089148997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6447,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88826191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"330","last_page":"335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8453716039657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.6897300481796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-factor-authentication","display_name":"Multi-factor authentication","score":0.6769192218780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.49675899744033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.4303455948829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.35229969024658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34638237953186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.24707797169685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.19354447722434998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08301642537117004}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8453716039657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.6897300481796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194699767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7878662","display_name":"Multi-factor authentication","level":4,"score":0.6769192218780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.49675899744033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.4303455948829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.35229969024658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34638237953186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.24707797169685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.19354447722434998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08301642537117004}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/percomw.2018.8480152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2018.8480152","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30156534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20643447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Wi-Access_Second_Factor_User_Authentication_leveraging_WiFi_Signals/20643447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20643447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Wi-Access_Second_Factor_User_Authentication_leveraging_WiFi_Signals/20643447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498527206","https://openalex.org/W1955134710","https://openalex.org/W1989085188","https://openalex.org/W1990556702","https://openalex.org/W2010882865","https://openalex.org/W2036455589","https://openalex.org/W2056234582","https://openalex.org/W2168821867","https://openalex.org/W2534482106","https://openalex.org/W2802012776","https://openalex.org/W3136666733","https://openalex.org/W4248410777","https://openalex.org/W6629889125","https://openalex.org/W6640709003","https://openalex.org/W6647788444","https://openalex.org/W6647927487","https://openalex.org/W6652820343","https://openalex.org/W6684532226","https://openalex.org/W6830162805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2363363251","https://openalex.org/W4309172146","https://openalex.org/W4238865314","https://openalex.org/W4291701200","https://openalex.org/W2784315464","https://openalex.org/W4391429007","https://openalex.org/W192327621","https://openalex.org/W3000652178","https://openalex.org/W4324137616","https://openalex.org/W2054202867"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"factor":[1,57,104],"authentication":[2,20,39,209,235],"offers":[3],"significant":[4],"benefits":[5],"but":[6],"has":[7],"had":[8],"limited":[9],"uptake":[10],"as":[11,89,101],"users":[12],"find":[13],"the":[14,49,61,64,68,72,78,84,98,102,110,128,147,163,166,177,184,208],"extra":[15],"step":[16],"required":[17],"at":[18],"each":[19,200],"attempt":[21],"(e.g.,":[22],"to":[23,28,92,154,161,175,183,199,206],"enter":[24],"a":[25,36,90,249],"verification":[26],"code)":[27],"be":[29],"onerous.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"paper,":[33],"we":[34],"present":[35],"novel":[37],"twofactor":[38],"system":[40],"called":[41],"Wi-Access":[42,66,156,213,229,242],"that":[43,97,109,140,180,194,228],"requires":[44],"no":[45],"additional":[46],"effort":[47],"from":[48],"user":[50,85,99],"beyond":[51],"typing":[52,121,185],"her":[53,116,122],"credentials.":[54],"The":[55],"first":[56],"is":[58,124,173,204,243],"established":[59],"by":[60,77],"knowledge":[62],"of":[63,83,133,165],"password.":[65],"uses":[67,157,195],"unique":[69],"perturbations":[70],"in":[71,112,127,245],"ambient":[73],"WiFi":[74,135],"signals":[75,150,179],"caused":[76],"hand":[79],"and":[80,118,218],"finger":[81],"motions":[82],"during":[86],"password":[87,123],"entry":[88],"way":[91,111],"confirm":[93],"inherence":[94],"(i.e.,":[95],"something":[96],"is)":[100],"second":[103],"for":[105],"authentication.":[106],"We":[107,137,211],"show":[108,139],"which":[113],"Alice":[114],"moves":[115],"hands":[117],"fingers":[119],"while":[120],"uniquely":[125],"manifested":[126],"Channel":[129],"State":[130],"Information":[131],"(CSI)":[132],"ubiquitous":[134],"signals.":[136],"also":[138],"if":[141],"Bob":[142],"types":[143],"Alice's":[144],"password,":[145],"then":[146],"corresponding":[148],"CSI":[149,167,178],"are":[151],"significantly":[152],"distinct":[153],"Alice.":[155],"Principle":[158],"Component":[159],"Analysis":[160],"reduce":[162],"dimensionality":[164],"data.":[168],"A":[169,187],"variance-based":[170],"thresholding":[171],"algorithm":[172],"used":[174,205],"extract":[176],"precisely":[181],"correspond":[182],"action.":[186],"one-class":[188],"classifier":[189],"based":[190],"on":[191,231],"an":[192],"autoencoder":[193],"specific":[196],"thresholds":[197],"tailored":[198],"user's":[201],"training":[202],"data":[203],"make":[207],"decision.":[210],"implement":[212],"using":[214],"offthe-shelf":[215],"802.11n":[216],"devices":[217],"evaluate":[219],"its":[220],"performance":[221],"with":[222,237,248],"10":[223],"subjects.":[224],"Our":[225],"tests":[226],"reveal":[227],"can":[230],"average":[232],"achieve":[233],"92%":[234],"accuracy":[236],"8%":[238],"false":[239],"positives.":[240],"Moreover,":[241],"robust":[244],"preventing":[246],"attacks":[247],"91.8%":[250],"attack":[251],"detection":[252],"accuracy.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}