{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2610908153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2017.7917636","title":"Preventing shoulder surfing using randomized augmented reality keyboards","display_name":"Preventing shoulder surfing using randomized augmented reality keyboards","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2610908153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2017.7917636","mag":"2610908153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/percomw.2017.7917636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2017.7917636","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045020872","display_name":"Anindya Maiti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6461-2805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39587148","display_name":"Wichita State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00c4e7y75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anindya Maiti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Wichita State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Wichita State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012114492","display_name":"Murtuza Jadliwala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9316-1943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39587148","display_name":"Wichita State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00c4e7y75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murtuza Jadliwala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Wichita State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Wichita State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050506420","display_name":"Chase Weber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39587148","display_name":"Wichita State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00c4e7y75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chase Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Wichita State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Wichita State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045020872"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93740096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"630","last_page":"635"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7998592853546143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-logging","display_name":"Keystroke logging","score":0.7743421792984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.7189128398895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7033222317695618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5926205515861511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.5371596813201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-entry","display_name":"Text entry","score":0.41207608580589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.37959688901901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.19883328676223755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7998592853546143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161615301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309396","display_name":"Keystroke logging","level":2,"score":0.7743421792984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.7189128398895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7033222317695618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5926205515861511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.5371596813201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988504831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192366","display_name":"Text entry","level":2,"score":0.41207608580589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37959688901901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.19883328676223755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/percomw.2017.7917636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2017.7917636","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:soar.wichita.edu:10057/14122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10057/14122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401479","display_name":"Holmes Museum Of Anthropology (Wichita State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39587148","host_organization_name":"Wichita State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19399978","https://openalex.org/W1485033854","https://openalex.org/W1660981793","https://openalex.org/W1963728774","https://openalex.org/W1972052099","https://openalex.org/W2010882865","https://openalex.org/W2078483465","https://openalex.org/W2080335657","https://openalex.org/W2098305758","https://openalex.org/W2108525321","https://openalex.org/W2110133019","https://openalex.org/W2139094422","https://openalex.org/W2150639461","https://openalex.org/W2152164036","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2403657431","https://openalex.org/W2433015958","https://openalex.org/W4230550383","https://openalex.org/W6600808634","https://openalex.org/W6628932435","https://openalex.org/W6636994897","https://openalex.org/W6718100547"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980498517","https://openalex.org/W1992328550","https://openalex.org/W3162852916","https://openalex.org/W4225103676","https://openalex.org/W2158389624","https://openalex.org/W2313381668","https://openalex.org/W1490831577","https://openalex.org/W2035123661","https://openalex.org/W2136061479","https://openalex.org/W2613367874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Shoulder":[0],"surfing":[1],"or":[2,62],"adversarial":[3],"eavesdropping":[4],"to":[5,14,77,105,145],"infer":[6],"users'":[7],"keystrokes":[8],"on":[9,68,134],"physical":[10,99],"QWERTY":[11],"keyboards":[12],"continues":[13],"be":[15],"a":[16,40,135],"serious":[17],"privacy":[18],"threat.":[19],"Despite":[20],"this,":[21],"practical":[22],"and":[23,101,123,141,149],"efficient":[24],"countermeasures":[25],"against":[26,45,120],"such":[27],"attacks":[28],"are":[29],"still":[30],"lacking.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"paper,":[34],"we":[35],"propose":[36],"keyboard":[37,57,73,92],"randomization":[38,58],"as":[39,116],"simple,":[41],"yet":[42],"effective,":[43],"countermeasure":[44,119],"various":[46],"types":[47],"of":[48,55,66,83],"keystroke":[49,126],"inference":[50,127],"attacks.":[51,128],"Our":[52],"proposal":[53],"consists":[54],"several":[56],"strategies":[59],"which":[60],"randomizes":[61],"changes":[63],"the":[64,69,78,90,97,106,110],"position":[65],"keys":[67],"keyboard.":[70],"The":[71],"randomized":[72,91],"is":[74,93,102],"then":[75],"projected":[76],"typing":[79,107],"user":[80,108],"by":[81],"means":[82],"an":[84,117],"augmented":[85,111,138],"reality":[86,112,139],"wearable":[87],"device.":[88],"As":[89],"visually":[94],"superimposed":[95],"over":[96],"actual":[98],"keyboard,":[100],"visible":[103],"only":[104],"through":[109],"device,":[113],"it":[114],"acts":[115],"effective":[118],"both":[121],"side-channel":[122],"visual-channel":[124],"based":[125],"We":[129],"implement":[130],"our":[131],"proposed":[132],"solution":[133],"commercially":[136],"available":[137],"device":[140],"conduct":[142],"preliminary":[143],"evaluations":[144],"validate":[146],"its":[147],"performance":[148],"effectiveness.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
