{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366259370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom56429.2023.10099384","title":"Device-Free Multi-Person Indoor Localization Using the Change of ToF","display_name":"Device-Free Multi-Person Indoor Localization Using the Change of ToF","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366259370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom56429.2023.10099384"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/percom56429.2023.10099384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom56429.2023.10099384","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101640541","display_name":"Atsushi Nomura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8194-6273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atsushi Nomura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology,Tokyo,Japan","Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073480671","display_name":"Masato Sugasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-5277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masato Sugasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology,Tokyo,Japan","Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043621466","display_name":"Kota Tsubouchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-8939"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kota Tsubouchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yahoo Japan Corporation,Tokyo,Japan","Yahoo Japan Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yahoo Japan Corporation,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yahoo Japan Corporation, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088318055","display_name":"Nobuhiko Nishio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8726-5022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobuhiko Nishio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ritsumeikan University,Shiga,Japan","Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ritsumeikan University,Shiga,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032839697","display_name":"Masamichi Shimosaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0558-2006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masamichi Shimosaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology,Tokyo,Japan","Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101640541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58322165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"190","last_page":"199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7622882723808289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.6719386577606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5712597966194153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5507038831710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5145130157470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4591481387615204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.43700796365737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34438273310661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3381616473197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2805476784706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.1985681653022766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7622882723808289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.6719386577606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5712597966194153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5507038831710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5145130157470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4591481387615204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.43700796365737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34438273310661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3381616473197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2805476784706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.1985681653022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/percom56429.2023.10099384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom56429.2023.10099384","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983301216","https://openalex.org/W2043243646","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2121469103","https://openalex.org/W2157291767","https://openalex.org/W2164692160","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2278572312","https://openalex.org/W2460055519","https://openalex.org/W2526606216","https://openalex.org/W2620122352","https://openalex.org/W2623298060","https://openalex.org/W2726539575","https://openalex.org/W2899145720","https://openalex.org/W2990171205","https://openalex.org/W2990640186","https://openalex.org/W3021587713","https://openalex.org/W3040199298","https://openalex.org/W3047598902","https://openalex.org/W3084526623","https://openalex.org/W4240102511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162200841","https://openalex.org/W3204225186","https://openalex.org/W2586280620","https://openalex.org/W2805505483","https://openalex.org/W253106158","https://openalex.org/W2384744344","https://openalex.org/W1799694159","https://openalex.org/W2393169196","https://openalex.org/W2366610330","https://openalex.org/W1550496571"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"position":[1,200],"information,":[2,114],"which":[3,46,115,165],"is":[4,76,94,116,166,205],"difficult":[5],"to":[6,37,119,181],"obtain":[7],"by":[8,79,185],"GPS,":[9],"can":[10,47,159,197],"be":[11,160],"used":[12,129],"for":[13,130],"various":[14],"services":[15],"and":[16,61,103,153,158,189],"applications,":[17],"thus":[18],"indoor":[19,29,69,110,124,193],"localization":[20,30,40,50,70,111,125,194],"methods":[21,58],"have":[22,64,155],"been":[23,65,128,156],"widely":[24],"researched.":[25],"Among":[26],"them,":[27],"device-free":[28,68,108,192],"does":[31],"not":[32],"require":[33],"the":[34,49,55,90,135,174,177,203,208],"target":[35],"persons":[36,53],"possess":[38],"a":[39,44,142,186,191],"device,":[41],"such":[42,82],"as":[43,67,83],"smartphone,":[45],"support":[48],"of":[51,134,151,210],"all":[52],"in":[54,123,176],"environment.":[56],"Many":[57],"using":[59,71,112,149],"RSSI":[60,75],"Wi-Fi":[62,86,152],"CSI":[63,87],"proposed":[66],"radio":[72,182],"waves.":[73],"However,":[74],"easily":[77],"affected":[78],"environmental":[80],"factors,":[81],"multipath":[84],"propagation.":[85],"also":[88],"has":[89,126],"disadvantage":[91],"that":[92,196],"there":[93],"no":[95],"standard,":[96],"so":[97],"it":[98],"relies":[99],"on":[100,207],"special":[101],"hardware":[102],"software.":[104],"Therefore,":[105],"we":[106,172],"propose":[107],"multi-person":[109,199],"ToF":[113,121,150],"less":[117],"susceptible":[118],"noise.":[120],"information":[122],"mainly":[127],"highly":[131,167],"accurate":[132],"estimation":[133],"receiver":[136],"position,":[137],"while":[138],"this":[139,170],"paper":[140],"proposes":[141],"new":[143],"application.":[144],"In":[145,169],"addition,":[146],"distance":[147,178],"measurements":[148],"UWB":[154],"standardized":[157],"implemented":[161],"with":[162],"commercial":[163],"equipment,":[164],"practical.":[168],"research,":[171],"considered":[173],"change":[175],"measurement":[179],"due":[180],"wave":[183],"occlusion":[184],"human":[187],"body":[188],"built":[190],"system":[195],"estimate":[198],"even":[201],"if":[202],"model":[204],"trained":[206],"data":[209],"only":[211],"one":[212],"person.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
