{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3169224480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom50583.2021.9439137","title":"The Feasibility of Dense Indoor LoRaWAN Towards Passively Sensing Human Presence","display_name":"The Feasibility of Dense Indoor LoRaWAN Towards Passively Sensing Human Presence","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3169224480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom50583.2021.9439137","mag":"3169224480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/percom50583.2021.9439137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom50583.2021.9439137","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/the-feasibility-of-dense-indoor-lorawan-towards-passively-sensing","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081738167","display_name":"Jascha Gr\u00fcbel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6428-4685"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jascha Grubel","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z&#x00FC;rich,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z&#x00FC;rich,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061695825","display_name":"Tyler Thrash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3011-7029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83328450","display_name":"Miami University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nbqxr67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83328450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler Thrash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Miami University,Oxford,OH,USA","Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Miami University,Oxford,OH,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83328450"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83328450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065174722","display_name":"Didier H\u00e9lal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Didier Helal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orbiwise,Geneva,Switzerland","Orbiwise, Geneva, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orbiwise,Geneva,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orbiwise, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047437165","display_name":"Robert W. Sumner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1909-8082"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert W. Sumner","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z&#x00FC;rich,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z&#x00FC;rich,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109871183","display_name":"Christoph H\u00f6lscher","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Holscher","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z&#x00FC;rich,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z&#x00FC;rich,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056293017","display_name":"Victor R. Schinazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2345-2806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120125038","display_name":"Bond University","ror":"https://ror.org/006jxzx88","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120125038"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor R. Schinazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bond University,Robina,Australia","Bond University, Robina, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bond University,Robina,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120125038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bond University, Robina, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120125038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081738167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7019,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69018828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7451530694961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.7210560441017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6791774034500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.5835338830947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5611311793327332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.508000910282135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4971659481525421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gateway","display_name":"Gateway (web page)","score":0.49266988039016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.48722758889198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4396139085292816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3404344320297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33531898260116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15373069047927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12490934133529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10640984773635864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7451530694961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.7210560441017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6791774034500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.5835338830947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5611311793327332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.508000910282135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4971659481525421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777710495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527195","display_name":"Gateway (web page)","level":2,"score":0.49266988039016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.48722758889198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4396139085292816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3404344320297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33531898260116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15373069047927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12490934133529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10640984773635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/percom50583.2021.9439137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom50583.2021.9439137","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://pure.bond.edu.au/:publications/1725d246-a55d-462d-b878-2f9330cd8253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.bond.edu.au/en/publications/1725d246-a55d-462d-b878-2f9330cd8253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402608","display_name":"Bond University Research Portal (Bond University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I120125038","host_organization_name":"Bond University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120125038"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gr\u00fcbel , J , Thrash , T , H\u00e9lal , D , Sumner , R W , H\u00f6lscher , C &amp; Schinazi , V R 2021 , The feasibility of dense indoor LorRaWan towards passively sensing human presence . in 2021 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom) . , 9439137 , 2021 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, PerCom 2021 , IEEE Computer Society . https://doi.org/10.1109/PERCOM50583.2021.9439137","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/630190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/the-feasibility-of-dense-indoor-lorawan-towards-passively-sensing","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201231","display_name":"Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling","issn_l":"2663-3027","issn":["2663-3027"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9781665404181","raw_type":"Article in monograph or in proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/630190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/the-feasibility-of-dense-indoor-lorawan-towards-passively-sensing","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201231","display_name":"Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling","issn_l":"2663-3027","issn":["2663-3027"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9781665404181","raw_type":"Article in monograph or in proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68270546","https://openalex.org/W644149036","https://openalex.org/W879559771","https://openalex.org/W1881577516","https://openalex.org/W1900841621","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1992025196","https://openalex.org/W2023227793","https://openalex.org/W2059358778","https://openalex.org/W2108395864","https://openalex.org/W2150847784","https://openalex.org/W2238723005","https://openalex.org/W2243299349","https://openalex.org/W2279251824","https://openalex.org/W2518003110","https://openalex.org/W2560463884","https://openalex.org/W2584346992","https://openalex.org/W2614897509","https://openalex.org/W2740100958","https://openalex.org/W2740142727","https://openalex.org/W2743466597","https://openalex.org/W2748324963","https://openalex.org/W2753903865","https://openalex.org/W2759236844","https://openalex.org/W2767891410","https://openalex.org/W2770914842","https://openalex.org/W2775085492","https://openalex.org/W2781583119","https://openalex.org/W2787688993","https://openalex.org/W2807349960","https://openalex.org/W2808855748","https://openalex.org/W2884690740","https://openalex.org/W2884990684","https://openalex.org/W2890918103","https://openalex.org/W2910597635","https://openalex.org/W2911373350","https://openalex.org/W2917931339","https://openalex.org/W2954013596","https://openalex.org/W2962691290","https://openalex.org/W2963287487","https://openalex.org/W3013283745","https://openalex.org/W3047293583","https://openalex.org/W3048866646","https://openalex.org/W3049272160","https://openalex.org/W3098579617","https://openalex.org/W4250399327","https://openalex.org/W6732860198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193499885","https://openalex.org/W2128212731","https://openalex.org/W2032175596","https://openalex.org/W254256344","https://openalex.org/W2552678835","https://openalex.org/W2107749424","https://openalex.org/W1998890379","https://openalex.org/W2064070573","https://openalex.org/W2050913673","https://openalex.org/W2752223612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Long":[0],"Range":[1],"Wide":[2],"Area":[3],"Network":[4,35],"(LoRaWAN)":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"advanced":[8],"as":[9,93],"an":[10,135],"alternative":[11],"for":[12,49,158],"creating":[13],"indoor":[14,136],"sensor":[15,39],"networks":[16],"that":[17,62,131],"extends":[18],"beyond":[19],"its":[20,47],"original":[21],"long-distance":[22],"communication":[23],"purpose.":[24],"For":[25],"the":[26,76,82,98,114,121,154,159],"present":[27],"paper,":[28],"we":[29,103],"developed":[30],"a":[31,51,65,111,143,168],"Dense":[32],"Indoor":[33],"Sensor":[34],"(DISN)":[36],"with":[37],"390":[38],"nodes":[40],"and":[41,44,89,120,148,162],"three":[42],"gateways":[43,80],"empirically":[45],"evaluated":[46],"performance":[48],"half":[50],"year.":[52],"Our":[53,127],"analysis":[54],"of":[55,78,84,100,117,124,156,164],"more":[56],"than":[57],"14":[58],"million":[59],"transmissions":[60,85],"revealed":[61],"DISNs":[63,157],"achieve":[64],"much":[66],"lower":[67],"distance":[68],"coverage":[69,133],"compared":[70],"to":[71,87],"previous":[72],"research.":[73],"In":[74],"addition,":[75],"deployment":[77],"multiple":[79],"decreased":[81],"loss":[83],"due":[86],"environmental":[88],"network":[90],"factors":[91],"such":[92],"concurrently":[94],"received":[95,104],"messages.":[96],"Given":[97],"complexity":[99],"our":[101],"system,":[102],"few":[105],"colliding":[106],"concurrent":[107],"messages,":[108],"which":[109],"demonstrates":[110],"gap":[112],"between":[113],"projected":[115],"requirements":[116,123],"LoRaWAN":[118],"systems":[119],"actual":[122],"real-world":[125],"applications.":[126],"attenuation":[128],"model":[129],"indicates":[130],"robust":[132],"in":[134],"environment":[137],"can":[138],"be":[139],"maintained":[140],"by":[141],"placing":[142],"gateway":[144],"every":[145,149],"30":[146],"m":[147],"5":[150],"floors.":[151],"We":[152],"discuss":[153],"application":[155],"passive":[160],"sensing":[161],"visualization":[163],"human":[165],"presence":[166],"using":[167],"Digital":[169],"Twin":[170],"(DT).":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
