{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1599059629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom.2015.7146519","title":"WiBreathe: Estimating respiration rate using wireless signals in natural settings in the home","display_name":"WiBreathe: Estimating respiration rate using wireless signals in natural settings in the home","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1599059629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom.2015.7146519","mag":"1599059629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/percom.2015.7146519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom.2015.7146519","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065378492","display_name":"Ruth Ravichandran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Ravichandran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Of Washington, Seattle, WA, US","University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Washington, Seattle, WA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067304717","display_name":"Elliot Saba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elliot Saba","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US","University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ke-Yu Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke-Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Of Washington, Seattle, WA, US","University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Washington, Seattle, WA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030011411","display_name":"Mayank Goel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-7545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayank Goel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Of Washington, Seattle, WA, US","University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Washington, Seattle, WA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103356207","display_name":"Sidhant Gupta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sidhant Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, US","Microsoft Research Redmond, WA, US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Redmond, WA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039879761","display_name":"Shwetak Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6300-4389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shwetak N. Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Of Washington, Seattle, WA, US","University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Washington, Seattle, WA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065378492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9116,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":110,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97395175,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"131","last_page":"139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6556656956672668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6280984878540039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiration","display_name":"Respiration","score":0.5900778770446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-rate","display_name":"Respiratory rate","score":0.5552785992622375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.48582765460014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breathing","display_name":"Breathing","score":0.4744190573692322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4686177372932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.46516066789627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstructive-sleep-apnea","display_name":"Obstructive sleep apnea","score":0.45639628171920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2969958186149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24259322881698608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.21591481566429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.1816357672214508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.16879072785377502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.16350632905960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.08342882990837097}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6556656956672668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6280984878540039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182215343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472287","display_name":"Respiration","level":2,"score":0.5900778770446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8213797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754250","display_name":"Respiratory rate","level":4,"score":0.5552785992622375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.48582765460014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.4744190573692322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4686177372932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.46516066789627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776006263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16606552","display_name":"Obstructive sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.45639628171920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2969958186149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24259322881698608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.21591481566429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.1816357672214508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.16879072785377502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.16350632905960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.08342882990837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/percom.2015.7146519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom.2015.7146519","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491731784","https://openalex.org/W1965209043","https://openalex.org/W1976272555","https://openalex.org/W1976626313","https://openalex.org/W1991954212","https://openalex.org/W2005078479","https://openalex.org/W2020883660","https://openalex.org/W2029758370","https://openalex.org/W2038063001","https://openalex.org/W2039497260","https://openalex.org/W2104276955","https://openalex.org/W2111155528","https://openalex.org/W2116490588","https://openalex.org/W2128027649","https://openalex.org/W2131496831","https://openalex.org/W2135517513","https://openalex.org/W2155445740","https://openalex.org/W2158499245","https://openalex.org/W2159697107","https://openalex.org/W2170322032","https://openalex.org/W2952327846","https://openalex.org/W4299565574","https://openalex.org/W6629274782","https://openalex.org/W6763969507"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381850946","https://openalex.org/W4380449851","https://openalex.org/W3125091513","https://openalex.org/W2077866709","https://openalex.org/W2145274667","https://openalex.org/W2921132911","https://openalex.org/W2288793952","https://openalex.org/W2098383409","https://openalex.org/W2042041186","https://openalex.org/W3196195804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sensing":[0],"respiration":[1,45,115],"rate":[2,79],"has":[3],"many":[4],"applications":[5],"in":[6,91,107,121],"monitoring":[7,58],"various":[8,122],"health":[9],"conditions,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"sleep":[13],"apnea":[14],"and":[15,30,111,125],"chronic":[16],"obstructive":[17],"pulmonary":[18],"disease.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"paper,":[22],"we":[23,101,128],"present":[24],"WiBreathe,":[25],"a":[26,62,143],"wireless,":[27],"high":[28],"fidelity":[29],"non-invasive":[31],"breathing":[32,131],"monitor":[33],"that":[34,127],"leverages":[35],"wireless":[36,54],"signals":[37,55,74],"at":[38,66],"2.4":[39],"GHz":[40],"to":[41,75,142],"estimate":[42,76],"an":[43,81],"individual's":[44],"rate.":[46],"Our":[47],"work":[48],"extends":[49],"past":[50],"approaches":[51],"of":[52,71,80,87,93,105,135],"using":[53,60],"for":[56],"respiratory":[57,78,145],"by":[59,112],"only":[61],"single":[63],"transmitter-receiver":[64],"pair":[65],"the":[67,77,103,133],"same":[68],"frequency":[69],"range":[70],"commodity":[72],"Wi-Fi":[73],"individual.":[82],"This":[83],"is":[84],"done":[85],"irrespective":[86],"whether":[88],"they":[89],"are":[90],"line":[92],"sight":[94],"or":[95],"not":[96],"(e.g.,":[97],"through":[98],"walls).":[99],"Furthermore,":[100],"demonstrate":[102],"capability":[104],"WiBreathe":[106],"detecting":[108],"multiple":[109],"people":[110],"extension,":[113],"their":[114],"rates.":[116],"We":[117],"evaluate":[118],"our":[119],"approach":[120],"natural":[123],"environments":[124],"show":[126],"can":[129],"track":[130],"with":[132],"accuracy":[134],"1.54":[136],"breaths":[137],"per":[138],"minute":[139],"when":[140],"compared":[141],"clinical":[144],"chest":[146],"band.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
