{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107743274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom.2009.4912871","title":"HexNet: Hexagon-based localization technique for wireless sensor networks","display_name":"HexNet: Hexagon-based localization technique for wireless sensor networks","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107743274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom.2009.4912871","mag":"2107743274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/percom.2009.4912871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom.2009.4912871","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112592522","display_name":"Hady S. AbdelSalam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hady S. AbdelSalam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA","Computer Science Dep., Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Dep., Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086528192","display_name":"Stephan Olariu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3776-216X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Olariu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA","Computer Science Dep., Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Dep., Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112592522"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7367,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90464885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.8018730878829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beacon","display_name":"Beacon","score":0.7448737025260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7271616458892822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centroid","display_name":"Centroid","score":0.6479405164718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.611907958984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5451663136482239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4798447787761688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backbone-network","display_name":"Backbone network","score":0.4539572298526764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.43566399812698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4225074350833893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.41840702295303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3531181812286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3350718319416046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3322494626045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.30820387601852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.300210177898407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26477327942848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15402525663375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12311497330665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07247030735015869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.8018730878829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102168758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321258","display_name":"Beacon","level":2,"score":0.7448737025260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7271616458892822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146599234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093","display_name":"Centroid","level":2,"score":0.6479405164718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.611907958984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5451663136482239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4798447787761688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88796919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Backbone network","level":2,"score":0.4539572298526764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.43566399812698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4225074350833893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.41840702295303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3531181812286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3350718319416046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3322494626045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.30820387601852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.300210177898407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26477327942848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15402525663375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12311497330665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07247030735015869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/percom.2009.4912871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom.2009.4912871","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581621714","https://openalex.org/W1977076521","https://openalex.org/W1989651117","https://openalex.org/W2100796177","https://openalex.org/W2112737587","https://openalex.org/W2115830418","https://openalex.org/W2119362555","https://openalex.org/W2130137998","https://openalex.org/W2156115405","https://openalex.org/W2165158100","https://openalex.org/W2343774594","https://openalex.org/W6634867760","https://openalex.org/W6679365492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2380293945","https://openalex.org/W1500522817","https://openalex.org/W1974812937","https://openalex.org/W3095239554","https://openalex.org/W3212409750","https://openalex.org/W4387088887","https://openalex.org/W1972023576","https://openalex.org/W2072053180","https://openalex.org/W2955333429","https://openalex.org/W3016046519"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developing":[0],"efficient":[1],"localization":[2,65,184],"techniques":[3],"to":[4,7,85,116,129],"allow":[5],"sensors":[6,145,152,163],"estimate":[8],"their":[9],"positions":[10,44,136,142,159],"has":[11],"been":[12],"a":[13,63,77,183],"hot":[14],"research":[15],"topic":[16],"for":[17,56,67,190],"long":[18],"time.":[19],"Sensory":[20],"readings":[21,36],"are":[22,27,52,146,153,164],"almost":[23],"meaningless":[24],"if":[25],"they":[26],"not":[28,53],"associated":[29],"with":[30],"the":[31,88,100,104,112,117,141,158,167,179],"locations":[32],"in":[33],"which":[34],"these":[35,122,130],"were":[37],"taken.":[38],"Getting":[39],"location":[40],"information":[41],"through":[42,47],"recording":[43],"manually":[45],"or":[46],"an":[48],"expensive":[49],"GPS":[50],"chip":[51],"valid":[54],"options":[55],"sensor":[57,68,114],"networks.":[58,69],"We":[59],"propose":[60],"and":[61,157,174],"evaluate,":[62],"new":[64],"protocol":[66,181],"Although":[70],"our":[71],"technique":[72,95],"is":[73,125],"presented":[74],"using":[75,107,166],"only":[76],"single":[78],"anchor,":[79],"it":[80,188],"can":[81],"be":[82],"extended":[83],"easily":[84],"benefit":[86],"from":[87],"existence":[89],"of":[90,119,121,137,143,160],"several":[91],"anchors.":[92],"The":[93,135],"proposed":[94,180],"starts":[96],"by":[97],"hypothetically":[98],"tiling":[99],"deployment":[101],"area":[102],"around":[103],"anchor":[105],"node":[106,115],"identical":[108],"hexagons.":[109],"After":[110,149],"that,":[111,150],"closest":[113],"center":[118],"each":[120],"hypothetical":[123],"hexagons":[124],"determined,":[126],"we":[127],"refer":[128],"nodes":[131],"as":[132,155],"backbone":[133,144,151],"sensors.":[134],"hexagon":[138],"centers":[139],"hence":[140],"estimated":[147,165],"geometrically.":[148],"treated":[154],"beacons":[156],"all":[161],"non-backbone":[162],"centroid":[168],"approach.":[169],"Simulation":[170],"results":[171],"under":[172],"noise-free":[173],"noisy":[175],"conditions":[176],"show":[177],"that":[178,186],"achieves":[182],"accuracy":[185],"makes":[187],"useful":[189],"most":[191],"WSN":[192],"applications.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}