{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140141884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom.2004.1276868","title":"Denial-of-service attacks on battery-powered mobile computers","display_name":"Denial-of-service attacks on battery-powered mobile computers","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140141884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom.2004.1276868","mag":"2140141884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/percom.2004.1276868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom.2004.1276868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Second IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2004. Proceedings of the","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/972fca86-166d-497c-9ba1-73b5212dbc3b/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082911980","display_name":"Thomas L. Martin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0544-2129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","[Dept. of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108516165","display_name":"Michael S. Hsiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","[Dept. of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064341265","display_name":"Dong Sam Ha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4838-1773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Ha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","[Dept. of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068206756","display_name":"J. Krishnaswami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Krishnaswami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","[Dept. of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":176,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"309","last_page":"318"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.8383893966674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7875778675079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7396748065948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5602207183837891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5064486265182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5002915859222412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.4921345114707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.47954484820365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4689250588417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.44587069749832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/honor","display_name":"Honor","score":0.4369143843650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.42983508110046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.42059239745140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.35833245515823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.24238932132720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2205115556716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1040315330028534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.09736579656600952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.8383893966674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7875778675079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7396748065948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5602207183837891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5064486265182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5002915859222412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.4921345114707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.47954484820365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4689250588417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.44587069749832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27070331","display_name":"Honor","level":2,"score":0.4369143843650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.42983508110046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.42059239745140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.35833245515823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.24238932132720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2205115556716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1040315330028534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.09736579656600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/percom.2004.1276868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/percom.2004.1276868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Second IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2004. Proceedings of the","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/9718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02192004-003948","pdf_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/972fca86-166d-497c-9ba1-73b5212dbc3b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.116.8728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.116.8728","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://csdl2.computer.org/comp/proceedings/percom/2004/2090/00/20900309.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.98.4763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.98.4763","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ece.vt.edu/tlmartin/power-secure/percom_martin_camera-final.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/31273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/9718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02192004-003948","pdf_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/972fca86-166d-497c-9ba1-73b5212dbc3b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2140141884.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2140141884.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11971752","https://openalex.org/W160631517","https://openalex.org/W1510973046","https://openalex.org/W1563402047","https://openalex.org/W1922995419","https://openalex.org/W1970793581","https://openalex.org/W1979367409","https://openalex.org/W2003765520","https://openalex.org/W2072004134","https://openalex.org/W2084069552","https://openalex.org/W2099042427","https://openalex.org/W2124114565","https://openalex.org/W2125334920","https://openalex.org/W2130670097","https://openalex.org/W2136032111","https://openalex.org/W2142297077","https://openalex.org/W2151749870","https://openalex.org/W2154596969","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2156954980","https://openalex.org/W2159694746","https://openalex.org/W2165252707","https://openalex.org/W2167618854","https://openalex.org/W2539688820","https://openalex.org/W4247972904","https://openalex.org/W4255429656","https://openalex.org/W6600474968","https://openalex.org/W6606589643","https://openalex.org/W6675040772"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244591268","https://openalex.org/W4205253569","https://openalex.org/W2476169496","https://openalex.org/W2595572529","https://openalex.org/W4233800182","https://openalex.org/W2360048061","https://openalex.org/W2483767897","https://openalex.org/W2592404050","https://openalex.org/W1687359194","https://openalex.org/W2367318152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sleep":[0],"deprivation":[1],"attacks":[2,149,165],"are":[3,54,142],"a":[4,15,63,97,158],"form":[5],"of":[6,8,147],"denial":[7],"service":[9,47,69],"attack":[10],"whereby":[11],"an":[12,40,114],"attacker":[13,41,110],"renders":[14],"pervasive":[16],"computing":[17],"device":[18],"inoperable":[19],"by":[20,166],"draining":[21],"the":[22,44,57,68,73,84,91,109,118,131,143,153],"battery":[23],"more":[24,121],"quickly":[25],"than":[26,123],"it":[27,124],"would":[28,125],"be":[29],"drained":[30],"under":[31],"normal":[32],"usage.":[33],"We":[34,155],"describe":[35],"three":[36],"main":[37],"methods":[38],"for":[39,59],"to":[42,56,82,95,116,136,150,161],"drain":[43],"battery:":[45],"(1)":[46],"request":[48],"power":[49,88,106,133,164],"attacks,":[50,89,107,138],"where":[51,90,108],"repeated":[52],"requests":[53],"made":[55,94],"victim":[58,74,92],"services,":[60],"typically":[61],"over":[62],"network":[64],"-":[65],"even":[66],"if":[67],"is":[70,93],"not":[71,81],"provided":[72],"must":[75],"expend":[76],"energy":[77,122,171],"deciding":[78],"whether":[79],"or":[80,112],"honor":[83],"request;":[85],"(2)":[86],"benign":[87],"execute":[96],"valid":[98],"but":[99],"energy-hungry":[100],"task":[101],"repeatedly,":[102],"and":[103,170],"(3)":[104],"malignant":[105],"modifies":[111],"creates":[113],"executable":[115],"make":[117],"system":[119],"consume":[120],"otherwise.":[126],"Our":[127],"initial":[128],"results":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"increased":[132],"consumption":[134],"due":[135],"these":[137,148,163],"which":[139],"we":[140],"believe":[141],"first":[144],"real":[145],"examples":[146],"appear":[151],"in":[152],"literature.":[154],"also":[156],"propose":[157],"power-secure":[159],"architecture":[160],"thwart":[162],"employing":[167],"multi-level":[168],"authentication":[169],"signatures.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}