{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317555243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcs56426.2022.10018066","title":"Privacy-Preserving Feature Coding for Machines","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Feature Coding for Machines","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317555243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcs56426.2022.10018066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pcs56426.2022.10018066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcs56426.2022.10018066","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Picture Coding Symposium (PCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039402913","display_name":"Bardia Azizian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0335-451X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bardia Azizian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University,School of Engineering Science,Burnaby,BC,Canada","School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University,School of Engineering Science,Burnaby,BC,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012187461","display_name":"Ivan V. Baji\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-5743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan V. Bajic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University,School of Engineering Science,Burnaby,BC,Canada","School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University,School of Engineering Science,Burnaby,BC,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8122,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73809177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8319821953773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.7495934367179871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6236365437507629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5701492428779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5091738104820251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.49082717299461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4823576807975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4535256028175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4327159523963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.4262968599796295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41961801052093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.40574347972869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3969593048095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3968826234340668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3744037449359894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8319821953773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.7495934367179871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6236365437507629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5701492428779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5091738104820251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.49082717299461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4823576807975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4535256028175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4327159523963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.4262968599796295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41961801052093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.40574347972869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3969593048095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3968826234340668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3744037449359894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pcs56426.2022.10018066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcs56426.2022.10018066","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Picture Coding Symposium (PCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1973175507","https://openalex.org/W2092939357","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2101700394","https://openalex.org/W2274609711","https://openalex.org/W2785562966","https://openalex.org/W2949361041","https://openalex.org/W2963770864","https://openalex.org/W2963855133","https://openalex.org/W2970003075","https://openalex.org/W2971714613","https://openalex.org/W2981114133","https://openalex.org/W2989885118","https://openalex.org/W3018763859","https://openalex.org/W3034469748","https://openalex.org/W3112787034","https://openalex.org/W3160673571","https://openalex.org/W3160882100","https://openalex.org/W3162473050","https://openalex.org/W3163253220","https://openalex.org/W3164402689","https://openalex.org/W3173749647","https://openalex.org/W3186910762","https://openalex.org/W3202918664","https://openalex.org/W4205259689","https://openalex.org/W4224114181","https://openalex.org/W4236099117","https://openalex.org/W6754634825","https://openalex.org/W6776489473","https://openalex.org/W6796346973","https://openalex.org/W6931202655"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2776466379","https://openalex.org/W2772780115","https://openalex.org/W2592385986","https://openalex.org/W2785535669","https://openalex.org/W2966657595","https://openalex.org/W4281924768","https://openalex.org/W1576462183","https://openalex.org/W2775464024","https://openalex.org/W2546942002","https://openalex.org/W3199009818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"machine":[1,31,55],"vision":[2,32,56],"pipelines":[3],"do":[4],"not":[5],"need":[6],"the":[7,25,30,71,75,97,110,130,138,146,157],"exact":[8],"visual":[9],"content":[10],"to":[11,20,39,66,94,105,155],"perform":[12],"their":[13],"tasks.":[14],"Therefore,":[15],"there":[16],"is":[17,61,93,141],"a":[18,36,41,53,81],"potential":[19],"remove":[21,102],"private":[22],"information":[23,103],"from":[24],"data":[26],"without":[27],"significantly":[28],"affecting":[29],"accuracy.":[33,77,114],"We":[34],"present":[35],"novel":[37],"method":[38],"create":[40],"privacy-preserving":[42],"latent":[43,59],"representation":[44,60],"of":[45,70],"an":[46,89],"image":[47],"that":[48,118],"could":[49],"be":[50,123],"used":[51],"by":[52,125],"downstream":[54],"model.":[57],"This":[58],"constructed":[62],"using":[63],"adversarial":[64],"training":[65],"prevent":[67],"accurate":[68],"reconstruction":[69,107,120],"input":[72,106,119],"while":[73,108],"preserving":[74],"task":[76,113,132],"Specifically,":[78],"we":[79],"split":[80],"Deep":[82],"Neural":[83],"Network":[84],"(DNN)":[85],"model":[86],"and":[87],"insert":[88],"autoencoder":[90],"whose":[91],"purpose":[92],"both":[95],"reduce":[96],"dimensionality":[98],"as":[99,101],"well":[100],"relevant":[104],"minimizing":[109],"impact":[111],"on":[112],"Our":[115],"results":[116],"show":[117],"ability":[121],"can":[122],"reduced":[124],"about":[126],"0.8":[127],"dB":[128],"at":[129],"equivalent":[131],"accuracy,":[133],"with":[134],"degradation":[135],"concentrated":[136],"near":[137],"edges,":[139],"which":[140],"important":[142],"for":[143],"privacy.":[144],"At":[145],"same":[147],"time,":[148],"30%":[149],"bit":[150],"savings":[151],"are":[152],"achieved":[153],"compared":[154],"coding":[156],"features":[158],"directly.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}