{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317600317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcs56426.2022.10018001","title":"Differentiable bit-rate estimation for neural-based video codec enhancement","display_name":"Differentiable bit-rate estimation for neural-based video codec enhancement","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317600317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcs56426.2022.10018001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pcs56426.2022.10018001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pcs56426.2022.10018001","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Picture Coding Symposium (PCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.09776","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017153875","display_name":"Amir Said","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1802-3513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amir Said","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm AI Research*,San Diego,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm AI Research*,San Diego,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101771250","display_name":"Manish Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3282-0498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manish Kumar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm AI Research*,San Diego,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm AI Research*,San Diego,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032352523","display_name":"Reza Pourreza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9667-1209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Pourreza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm AI Research*,San Diego,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm AI Research*,San Diego,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017153875"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5955,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66058181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"379","last_page":"383"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codec","display_name":"Codec","score":0.8924263715744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7674126625061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5586418509483337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48999014496803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-multi-rate-audio-codec","display_name":"Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec","score":0.46232157945632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deblocking-filter","display_name":"Deblocking filter","score":0.44117826223373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.42508450150489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34447962045669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.17551735043525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17208459973335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.12437167763710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09004518389701843}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161765866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184748","display_name":"Codec","level":2,"score":0.8924263715744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7674126625061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5586418509483337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48999014496803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177067256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4676210","display_name":"Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec","level":4,"score":0.46232157945632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143184774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3020846","display_name":"Deblocking filter","level":2,"score":0.44117826223373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.42508450150489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34447962045669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.17551735043525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17208459973335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.12437167763710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09004518389701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pcs56426.2022.10018001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pcs56426.2022.10018001","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Picture Coding Symposium (PCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2301.09776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2301.09776","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.09776","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2301.09776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2301.09776","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.09776","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317600317.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105762734","https://openalex.org/W114517082","https://openalex.org/W1838550990","https://openalex.org/W2007071233","https://openalex.org/W2037101095","https://openalex.org/W2073654533","https://openalex.org/W2081614366","https://openalex.org/W2132135004","https://openalex.org/W2145691062","https://openalex.org/W2156376988","https://openalex.org/W2165991368","https://openalex.org/W2167359416","https://openalex.org/W2325850497","https://openalex.org/W2407574721","https://openalex.org/W2505094182","https://openalex.org/W2751610657","https://openalex.org/W2785562966","https://openalex.org/W2798405286","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2935381027","https://openalex.org/W2938386730","https://openalex.org/W2962727772","https://openalex.org/W2964098744","https://openalex.org/W3040726448","https://openalex.org/W3134670382","https://openalex.org/W3160345508","https://openalex.org/W3179836520","https://openalex.org/W3183391581","https://openalex.org/W3214878703","https://openalex.org/W4234117503","https://openalex.org/W4239146293","https://openalex.org/W4247086391","https://openalex.org/W4287388223","https://openalex.org/W6638908295"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252424250","https://openalex.org/W2181698111","https://openalex.org/W2370747337","https://openalex.org/W2075165083","https://openalex.org/W1890500690","https://openalex.org/W2157819213","https://openalex.org/W2205640666","https://openalex.org/W2133351881","https://openalex.org/W2382399415","https://openalex.org/W2369511196"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"networks":[1],"(NN)":[2],"can":[3,30],"improve":[4],"standard":[5,19,48],"video":[6],"compression":[7],"by":[8],"pre-and":[9],"post-processing":[10],"the":[11,18,83,113,119,125],"encoded":[12],"video.":[13],"For":[14],"optimal":[15],"NN":[16],"training,":[17],"codec":[20,27,131],"needs":[21],"to":[22,52,82,93],"be":[23,63],"replaced":[24],"with":[25,66],"a":[26,73,105],"proxy":[28],"that":[29,79,108],"provide":[31],"derivatives":[32],"of":[33,47],"estimated":[34],"bit-rate":[35,77],"and":[36,91,115],"distortion,":[37],"which":[38],"are":[39],"used":[40],"for":[41,76,112],"gradient":[42],"back-propagation.":[43],"Since":[44],"entropy":[45],"coding":[46],"codecs":[49],"is":[50,80,102],"designed":[51],"take":[53,95],"into":[54,96],"account":[55,97],"non-linear":[56],"dependencies":[57],"between":[58],"transform":[59],"coefficients,":[60],"bit-rates":[61],"cannot":[62],"well":[64],"approximated":[65],"simple":[67],"per-coefficient":[68],"estimators.":[69],"This":[70],"paper":[71],"presents":[72],"new":[74],"approach":[75],"estimation":[78],"similar":[81],"type":[84],"employed":[85],"in":[86,128],"training":[87],"end-to-end":[88],"neural":[89],"codecs,":[90],"able":[92],"efficiently":[94],"those":[98],"statistical":[99],"dependencies.":[100],"It":[101],"defined":[103],"from":[104],"mathematical":[106],"model":[107],"provides":[109],"closed-form":[110],"formulas":[111],"estimates":[114],"their":[116],"gradients,":[117],"reducing":[118],"computational":[120],"complexity.":[121],"Experimental":[122],"results":[123],"demonstrate":[124],"method\u2019s":[126],"accuracy":[127],"estimating":[129],"HEVC/H.265":[130],"bit-rates.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-23T09:07:50.710637","created_date":"2023-01-21T00:00:00"}