{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184174633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcs50896.2021.9477499","title":"Efficient Multi-Encoding Algorithms for HTTP Adaptive Bitrate Streaming","display_name":"Efficient Multi-Encoding Algorithms for HTTP Adaptive Bitrate Streaming","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184174633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcs50896.2021.9477499","mag":"3184174633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pcs50896.2021.9477499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcs50896.2021.9477499","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Picture Coding Symposium (PCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091049711","display_name":"Vignesh V Menon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105054","display_name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Thermoelectricity","ror":"https://ror.org/01cbw5x35","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422","https://openalex.org/I145847075","https://openalex.org/I4210105054"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166741","display_name":"University of Klagenfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/05q9m0937","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166741"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vignesh V Menon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Christian Doppler Laboratory ATHENA, Institute of Information Technology (ITEC), University of Klagenfurt,Austria","Christian Doppler Laboratory ATHENA, Institute of Information Technology (ITEC), University of Klagenfurt, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory ATHENA, Institute of Information Technology (ITEC), University of Klagenfurt,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105054"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory ATHENA, Institute of Information Technology (ITEC), University of Klagenfurt, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063653867","display_name":"Hadi Amirpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9853-1720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166741","display_name":"University of Klagenfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/05q9m0937","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166741"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105054","display_name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Thermoelectricity","ror":"https://ror.org/01cbw5x35","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422","https://openalex.org/I145847075","https://openalex.org/I4210105054"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Amirpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Christian Doppler Laboratory ATHENA, Institute of Information Technology (ITEC), University of Klagenfurt,Austria","Christian Doppler Laboratory ATHENA, Institute of Information Technology (ITEC), University of Klagenfurt, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory ATHENA, Institute of Information Technology (ITEC), University of Klagenfurt,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105054"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory ATHENA, Institute of Information Technology (ITEC), University of Klagenfurt, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057862649","display_name":"Christian Timmerer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0031-5243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105054","display_name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Thermoelectricity","ror":"https://ror.org/01cbw5x35","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422","https://openalex.org/I145847075","https://openalex.org/I4210105054"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166741","display_name":"University of Klagenfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/05q9m0937","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166741"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Timmerer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Christian Doppler Laboratory ATHENA, Institute of Information Technology (ITEC), University of Klagenfurt,Austria","Christian Doppler Laboratory ATHENA, Institute of Information Technology (ITEC), University of Klagenfurt, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory ATHENA, Institute of Information Technology (ITEC), University of Klagenfurt,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105054"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory ATHENA, Institute of Information Technology (ITEC), University of Klagenfurt, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166741"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082745876","display_name":"M. Ghanbari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5482-8378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Ghanbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex,Colchester,UK","School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex,Colchester,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091049711"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105054","https://openalex.org/I4210166741"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3843,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60256536,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.8534046411514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8517748117446899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.6883170008659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5421628952026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codec","display_name":"Codec","score":0.5379610061645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-bitrate","display_name":"Constant bitrate","score":0.45007234811782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-bitrate","display_name":"Variable bitrate","score":0.4455825388431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4154740571975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.4145132005214691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3236675262451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-rate","display_name":"Bit rate","score":0.31714263558387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14792215824127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.14516624808311462}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.8534046411514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8517748117446899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.6883170008659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5421628952026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161765866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184748","display_name":"Codec","level":2,"score":0.5379610061645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34339180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1325924","display_name":"Constant bitrate","level":4,"score":0.45007234811782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57667952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154443","display_name":"Variable bitrate","level":3,"score":0.4455825388431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4154740571975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.4145132005214691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3236675262451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987812609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194158","display_name":"Bit rate","level":2,"score":0.31714263558387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14792215824127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.14516624808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pcs50896.2021.9477499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcs50896.2021.9477499","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Picture Coding Symposium (PCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1614340715","https://openalex.org/W2058080331","https://openalex.org/W2101700394","https://openalex.org/W2127034683","https://openalex.org/W2140199336","https://openalex.org/W2146395539","https://openalex.org/W2182393740","https://openalex.org/W2295738520","https://openalex.org/W2512495095","https://openalex.org/W2517598826","https://openalex.org/W2889769788","https://openalex.org/W2979673094","https://openalex.org/W3012630503","https://openalex.org/W3080412872","https://openalex.org/W3123505797","https://openalex.org/W3156671681","https://openalex.org/W6675207249","https://openalex.org/W6775337441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012995523","https://openalex.org/W1983506731","https://openalex.org/W1510257134","https://openalex.org/W1516993688","https://openalex.org/W2058204635","https://openalex.org/W4317600236","https://openalex.org/W4307008184","https://openalex.org/W3184174633","https://openalex.org/W2133025432","https://openalex.org/W2124441525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"video":[1,23],"accounts":[2],"for":[3,119,134,158],"the":[4,10,49,66,72,80,94,99,129,135,140,159,164],"majority":[5],"of":[6,12,39,48,98],"today's":[7],"internet":[8],"traffic,":[9],"popularity":[11],"HTTP":[13,121],"Adaptive":[14,122],"Streaming":[15,123],"(HAS)":[16],"is":[17,24],"increasing":[18],"steadily.":[19],"In":[20,102],"HAS,":[21],"each":[22],"encoded":[25,90],"at":[26],"multiple":[27],"bitrates":[28],"and":[29,44,68,112,114],"spatial":[30],"resolutions":[31],"(i.e.,":[32,110],"representations)":[33],"to":[34,36,63,70,92,152,176],"adapt":[35],"a":[37,58,147,171],"heterogeneity":[38],"network":[40],"conditions,":[41],"device":[42],"characteristics,":[43],"end-user":[45],"preferences.":[46],"Most":[47],"streaming":[50],"services":[51],"utilize":[52],"cloud-based":[53],"encoding":[54,61,67,81,95,142,166],"techniques":[55],"which":[56],"enable":[57],"fully":[59],"parallel":[60],"process":[62,82],"speed":[64],"up":[65],"consequently":[69],"reduce":[71],"overall":[73,141,165],"time":[74,96,143,161,167],"complexity.":[75],"State-of-the-art":[76],"approaches":[77],"further":[78],"improve":[79,93],"by":[83,144,168],"utilizing":[84],"encoder":[85],"analysis":[86],"information":[87],"from":[88],"already":[89],"representation(s)":[91],"complexity":[97],"remaining":[100],"representations.":[101],"this":[103],"paper,":[104],"we":[105],"investigate":[106],"various":[107],"multi-encoding":[108,117,131],"algorithms":[109,118],"multi-rate":[111],"multi-resolution)":[113],"propose":[115],"novel":[116],"large-scale":[120],"deployments.":[124],"Experimental":[125],"results":[126],"demonstrate":[127],"that":[128],"proposed":[130],"algorithm":[132],"optimized":[133,156],"highest":[136,160],"compression":[137],"efficiency":[138],"reduces":[139,163],"39%":[145],"with":[146,170],"1.5%":[148],"bitrate":[149,173],"increase":[150,174],"compared":[151,175],"stand-alone":[153],"encodings.":[154,178],"Its":[155],"version":[157],"savings":[162],"50%":[169],"2.6%":[172],"standalone":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}