{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183809287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcs50896.2021.9477490","title":"Computing Integer Bit Widths for Video Codec Implementations","display_name":"Computing Integer Bit Widths for Video Codec Implementations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183809287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcs50896.2021.9477490","mag":"3183809287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pcs50896.2021.9477490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcs50896.2021.9477490","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Picture Coding Symposium (PCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061437221","display_name":"Jonathan Heathcote","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092122","display_name":"BC Research (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00dr4nw61","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092122"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Heathcote","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBC Research & Development"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBC Research & Development","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092122"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015798790","display_name":"Tim Borer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3663-4415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092122","display_name":"BC Research (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00dr4nw61","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092122"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Borer","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBC Research & Development"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBC Research & Development","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092122"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061437221"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092122"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08444895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codec","display_name":"Codec","score":0.9275662899017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.761019766330719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.6691976189613342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.6544352769851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6084563732147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5219149589538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.5097441077232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4997258186340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.49565207958221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.41339388489723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.28505682945251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09524676203727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.0800069272518158}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161765866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184748","display_name":"Codec","level":2,"score":0.9275662899017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.761019766330719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6691976189613342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6544352769851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6084563732147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5219149589538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.5097441077232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4997258186340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.49565207958221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.41339388489723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.28505682945251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09524676203727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0800069272518158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pcs50896.2021.9477490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcs50896.2021.9477490","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Picture Coding Symposium (PCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33731299","https://openalex.org/W226699034","https://openalex.org/W1974432767","https://openalex.org/W2103726014","https://openalex.org/W2114216393","https://openalex.org/W2118230018","https://openalex.org/W2136476121","https://openalex.org/W2141595213","https://openalex.org/W2146395539","https://openalex.org/W2146471606","https://openalex.org/W2979673094","https://openalex.org/W6608895828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3161919736","https://openalex.org/W2163719598","https://openalex.org/W2107680156","https://openalex.org/W2387018512","https://openalex.org/W2104474752","https://openalex.org/W3183118997","https://openalex.org/W3214410901","https://openalex.org/W3204400881","https://openalex.org/W3204296682","https://openalex.org/W2917767146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Video":[0],"codecs":[1,28],"are":[2,52],"commonly":[3],"implemented":[4],"using":[5,81],"efficient":[6],"integer":[7],"arithmetic.":[8],"For":[9],"correct":[10],"operation,":[11],"all":[12,24],"integers":[13],"must":[14],"be":[15,127],"sized":[16],"to":[17,67,75,94,129],"fit":[18],"the":[19,61],"full":[20],"dynamic":[21,45],"range":[22,46],"of":[23,63,97,101],"signals.":[25,86,123],"Despite":[26],"most":[27],"being":[29],"based":[30],"on":[31],"linear":[32],"transforms,":[33],"their":[34,44],"implementations":[35],"contain":[36],"nonlinearities,":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"quantization,":[40],"making":[41],"exactly":[42],"computing":[43],"intractable.":[47],"While":[48],"loose":[49],"upper":[50],"bounds":[51],"more":[53,130],"easily":[54],"calculated,":[55],"these":[56],"can":[57,92],"significantly":[58],"over":[59],"estimate":[60],"number":[62],"bits":[64,106],"required,":[65],"leading":[66],"higher":[68],"implementation":[69],"costs.":[70],"Instead":[71],"implementers":[72],"often":[73],"resort":[74],"empirically":[76],"determining":[77],"necessary":[78,98],"bit":[79,99,135],"widths":[80,100],"test":[82,116],"footage":[83],"and":[84,104,132],"noise":[85],"We":[87,109],"found":[88],"that":[89],"this":[90],"method":[91],"lead":[93],"under":[95],"estimates":[96],"between":[102],"one":[103],"two":[105],"in":[107],"practice.":[108],"propose":[110],"a":[111],"heuristic":[112],"for":[113,138],"creating":[114],"synthetic":[115],"patterns":[117],"which":[118],"produce":[119],"near":[120],"worst":[121],"case":[122],"These":[124],"signals":[125],"may":[126],"used":[128],"robustly":[131],"efficiently":[133],"determine":[134],"width":[136],"requirements":[137],"codec":[139],"implementations.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
